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Benign vulval problems
Published in David M. Luesley, Mark D. Kilby, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2016
Lubna Haque, Margaret Cruickshank
Zoon’s vulvitis is a rare benign chronic inflammatory condition of the vulva which presents with symptoms of pruritus, burning, dyspareunia and dysuria. It usually presents in postmenopausal women and its appearance is similar to erosive LP with glazed erythema often involving the introitus and labia minora. Zoon’s vulvitis is diagnosed histologically and is characterised by dermal infiltration with plasma cells, vessel dilatation and haemosiderin deposition. The aetiology of this condition is unknown; one theory is that it is an autoimmune disorder. There have been case reports favouring successful treatment with topical ultrapotent steroids and surgical excision.20
Skin diseases of the vulva: inflammatory, erosive-ulcerating and apocrine gland diseases, zinc and vitamin deficiency, vulvodynia and vestibulodynia
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018
Freja Lærke Sand, Simon Francis Thomsen
Plasma cell vulvitis or Zoon vulvitis is a chronic benign inflammatory condition of unknown aetiology (Davis et al. 1983; Yoganathan et al. 1994). The prevalence is unknown, but is likely to be underreported as it may mimic other diseases such as atrophic erythematous candidiasis, atrophic erosive lichen planus and mucous membrane pemhigoid. The majority of patients with plasma cell vulvitis are postmenopausal women, but a case study of a child has been published (Albers et al. 2000). Patients with plasma cell vulvitis experience pain and vulvar irritation, including dyspareunia. The clinical signs are characterised by a well-defined brick-red, glistering erythema and atrophy of the inner aspects of the labia minora and majora (Figure 7). The diagnosis depends on histopathological examination showing an atropic thin epithelium and a dense infiltrate of plasma cells in the upper dermis. As plasma cell vulvitis may imitate lichen planus, chronic candidiasis and mucous membrane pemphigoid histopathological examination is important to differentiate the four diseases.
A vexing vulvitis: a case report and review of plasma cell vulvitis
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2019
Genevieve Pourzan, Heather S. Laird-Fick
Plasma cell vulvitis (PCV), also referred to as Zoon’s vulvitis and vulvitis plasmacellularis circumscripta, is an idiopathic, benign, chronic inflammatory condition in females. Women with PCV have vulvar lesions that are typically painful and resemble many other pathologic processes. Diagnosis and symptom relief are often delayed, with an average lag time of 55.4 months, in part because clinicians are unaware of the condition, from a misdiagnosis, or patient embarrassment in seeking treatment (Virgili, Corazza, Minghetti, Borghi 2015). This case report is intended to familiarise clinicians with the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of PCV.