China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Management of Conditions and Symptoms
Published in Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson, Physical Activity and Rehabilitation in Life-threatening Illness, 2021
Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson
Primary lymphedema is attributed to an anatomical malformation within the lymphatic system (e.g. lipedema) and is considered congenital (onset at >2 years of age), lymphedema praecox (onset often near puberty, 2–35 years of age), or lymphedema tarda (older adult onset >35 years of age). Secondary lymphedema, associated with mechanical insufficiency, is attributed to causes such as surgery, radiation, trauma, and/or infection. The development of lymphedema in cancer survivorship is often the result of lymphadenectomy during the staging and surgical treatment of cancers, and/or from damage to superficial lymphatics or remaining lymph nodes by radiation therapy techniques (see Chapter 9). Incidence rates of lymphedema in cancer survivorship vary based on diagnosis and treatment modalities used. Shaitelman et al.63 documented pooled incidence rates for cancer treatment-related secondary lymphedema. They found rates for breast cancer survivors following sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) at 6.3% (0–23%), and following axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) at 22.3% (11–57%); melanoma survivors following SLNB at 4.1%, following ALND 3%, and following inguinofemoral lymph node dissection at 18%; and gynecologic cancer survivors following SLNB at 9% (0–25%). Advanced cancerous tumors can result in malignant lymphedema due to active tumor infiltration and compression of lymphatic pathways.
Tissue coverage for exposed vascular reconstructions (grafts)
Published in Sachinder Singh Hans, Mark F. Conrad, Vascular and Endovascular Complications, 2021
Kaitlyn Rountree, Vikram Reddy, Sachinder Singh Hans
Due to its versatility, mobility, and inherent healing and immune properties, use of omental flaps and grafts have been reported by nearly every surgical specialty with descriptions of uses for the omentum in nearly every anatomical location.22 The omentum is very well vascularized and can be easily divided with energy devices to fit any configuration, and in most cases reach any corner of the abdomen including the pelvis and retroperitoneum as a pedicled flap for tissue coverage. Pedicled flaps have even been described as native tissue treatment for and prevention of lower extremity lymphedema from inguinal lymphadenectomy. Through laparotomy or laparoscopy, the omentum is fashioned into either a single, or dual for bilateral procedure, long strip with continuous pedicled blood supply and drawn through the femoral canal and into the groin extending the desired length down the medial thigh. Authors have reported acceptable success in treatment of severe secondary lymphedema with good long-term results.22,24,25 Others have reported use of similar technique in cases of infected vascular wounds of the groin requiring extra anatomic bypass via the obturator canal combined with omental flap for wound healing.26
Prevention and Treatment of Secondary Lymphedema of Extremities, Early Diagnosis of Lymphostasis, and Postsurgical Prevention and Conservative Treatment of Lymphedema
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
For secondary lymphedema, knowing its etiology or main risk factors (extension of surgery, lymphadenectomy, radiotherapy, and obesity) should be enough to prevent it. The reality is that patients undergoing surgery for several types of cancer sometimes get little information about the risk of developing lymphedema and how to prevent it, and they later must face multiple physical, psychological, and social barriers [1]. There are some controllable risk factors that could be avoided by following simple guidelines. Health personnel need to be more aware about prevention and early diagnosis of lymphedema. See Figure 26.1. A study by Forner-Cordero et al. [2] claimed that only about 25% of patients who underwent surgery for breast cancer had received any type of information after surgery. Based on the results obtained by Lam et al. [3], three-fifths of surveyed patients with a history of cancer said they had not been warned about the risk of developing lymphedema, and half of the participants were not satisfied with their first consultation about their lymphedema.
The application of indocyanine green (ICG) and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging for assessment of the lymphatic system in reconstructive lymphaticovenular anastomosis surgery
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Albert H. Chao, Steven A. Schulz, Stephen P. Povoski
Lymphedema is a chronic condition of pathological swelling or volume increase within tissues due to dysfunction of the lymphatic system, which results in retention of fluid, and in more advanced stages collagen formation and cellular proliferation of adipocytes and fibroblasts[5]. Primary lymphedema is caused by abnormal development of the lymphatic system. Secondary lymphedema is relatively more common and results from injury to a normally developed lymphatic system, such as due to infection, surgery, or radiation therapy. Symptoms of lymphedema include swelling, enlargement, heaviness, and pain in the affected tissues, as well as an increased propensity for soft tissue infections. These changes are responsible for the reduced quality of life and substantial morbidity experienced by patients with lymphedema.
Long-term outcome of lymph vessel transplantation after chronic lymphorrhea
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2021
Cecilia Dahlbäck, Rüdiger Baumeister, Magnus Åberg, Björn Arnljots, Lieselotte Frost Arner, Håkan Brorson
In our patient different surgical interventions in the axilla took place in a local hospital following a minor wound on the index finger and bursitis. The major problem in the diabetic patient arose in the axilla with fluid accumulation and signs of massive tenderness compressing the brachial plexus. The origin of a hematoma remained unclear as well as the onset of a palpable mass showing an inflammatory reaction and focal fat necrosis. Together with the removal of an enlarged lymph node, it must be stated that obviously the whole content of the axilla was involved. This resembles the status of total axillary revision and radiation in an oncologic situation with a high incidence of secondary lymphedema.
The efficacy of Kinesio taping on lymphedema following head and neck cancer therapy: a randomized, double blind, sham-controlled trial
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Sevgi Atar, Yavuz Atar, Ugur Uygan, Seyma Görcin Karaketir, Tolgar Lütfi Kumral, Hüseyin Sari, Semih Karaketir, Ömer Kuru
The surgical treatment or radiotherapy (RT) applied in head and neck cancers damage the lymphatic ducts and impairs the lymphatic drainage (Smith et al., 2015). As a result of decreased drainage, lymphoid fluid with high protein content accumulates in the interstitial space. This fluid may cause chronic inflammation over time, leading to further increases in the existing lymphatic damage, fibrosis, and skin lesions (Földi and Földi, 2006a; Gatt, Willis, and Leuschner, 2017; Grada and Phillips, 2017;). The clinical condition characterized by localized swelling in the tissues that develop due to head and neck cancer treatment is called secondary lymphedema.