China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Alopecia Areata in Aging C3H/HeJ Mice
Published in John P. Sundberg, Handbook of Mouse Mutations with Skin and Hair Abnormalities, 2020
John P. Sundberg, Colleen M. Vallee, Lloyd E. King
Many other mouse mutations, including several new, but as yet unpublished ones of the same pedigree lines as those with alopecia areata, have focal alopecia as part of their gross phenotype. However, none have the characteristic microscopic features of lymphocytic perifolliculitis and folliculitis. The most common feature in these mutations is some type of structural defect of the hair shaft resulting in breakage at the level of the sebaceous gland (Sundberg, unpublished).20
Retinoids in Other Skin Diseases
Published in Ayse Serap Karadag, Berna Aksoy, Lawrence Charles Parish, Retinoids in Dermatology, 2019
Uwe Wollina, Piotr Brzezinski, André Koch
Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens (Hoffman), or dissecting cellulitis (DC), is a severe chronic scalp disorder with destructive folliculitis, perifollicular pustules, nodules, abscesses, and sinus formation. Untreated, the disease causes scarring alopecia. It has a predominance in African-American men and can occur in children, adolescents, and adults. It may be a single disease, or it can be associated with hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa or Crohn's disease (39,40). The etiology is not well understood, with a follicular occlusion and an aberrant cutaneous immune response to commensal bacteria being considered (41). Antimicrobials, dapsone, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (adalimumab) have been used sometimes in conjunction with surgery (39,41). Isotretinoin 1 mg/kg/day or acitretin 10 mg/day is helpful in controlling the disease, but a regimen of a minimum of 3−5 months is required (42–44).
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Published in Peter Sagar, Andrew G. Hill, Charles H. Knowles, Stefan Post, Willem A. Bemelman, Patricia L. Roberts, Susan Galandiuk, John R.T. Monson, Michael R.B. Keighley, Norman S. Williams, Keighley & Williams’ Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon, 2019
Follicular hyperkeratosis and perifolliculitis are the key histological features of HS.8,21 Histopathology from affected skin in patents with HS has been shown to be homogenous, with early follicular inflammation preceding follicular rupture.21 Rupture of affected follicles then triggers a mixed inflammatory response (neutrophils, histiocytes, lymphocytes).5,10 Continued inflammation leads to granuloma formation and, over time, the formation of deep-seated nodules.10 Importantly, apocrine glands have been shown to be involved in a minority of cases under histopathological examination.7,8,21Figure 12.1 displays the histopathological characteristics of HS development.
Majocchi granuloma presenting as a verrucous nodule of the lip
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2018
Ritu Swali, Elmira Ramos-Rojas, Stephen Tyring
There are two forms of Majocchi granulomas: follicular and nodular. They can be distinguished based on their clinical appearance and the immune status of the host. The follicular type is usually found in healthy individuals, most often due to trauma such as shaving in women or topical corticosteroid use, especially in children. The lesions are characterized by superficial papulopustular perifolliculitis. The nodular form is most often noted in immunocompromised hosts, presenting with chronic erythema, indurated plaques, and subcutaneous nodules.3 Both types advance from suppurative to granulomatous infiltration in situ.5 Histopathologically, the dermatophytes are located in the stratum corneum, using keratin as a substrate.6 Moreover, the fungal hyphae can be confused with Mucor and Rhizopus species due to their shorter, thicker appearance than common hyphae found in more superficial dermatophytoses.4
Approach to treatment of refractory dissecting cellulitis of the scalp: a systematic review
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
On November 1st, 2018, we searched on the Embase, Pubmed, and Scopus databases with combinations of the terms ‘dissecting cellulitis,’ ‘perifolliculitis capitis abscedens,’ and ‘dissecting folliculitis’ for all articles published prior to that date. We concentrated primarily on papers that focused on patients who had failed standard treatments. Conference abstracts and articles not published in English were excluded. A total of 57 articles that included treatment responses of 90 patients with DCS were included in our review, as summarized in Table 1. The majority of articles (53/57) were case reports or series. No randomized control trials comparing treatments were identified.
Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma: case series and review of histological findings
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2023
Sydney A. Weir, Sima Amin, Alyssa Higgins, David Kelly, Amy Theos
The clinical differential diagnosis includes a host of other neoplasms and infectious and inflammatory conditions, including pilomatrixomas, dermoid or epidermoid cysts, infantile nodular acne, infections, nevi, xanthogranulomas, and vascular malformations. The histologic presentation of IFG is nonspecific and shares features with other inflammatory conditions such as granulomatous rosacea or perifolliculitis, which makes this diagnosis challenging. As such, the diagnosis of IFG should be made using a combination of historical, clinical, and histologic findings.