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The Influence of Pituitary-Adrenal Axis on the Immune System
Published in Istvan Berczi, Pituitary Function and Immunity, 2019
Autoantibodies to β -adrenergic receptors were identified in three normal subjects four asthmatic patients, one preallergic individual and one patient with cystic fibrosis. The antibodies were heterogeneous but all inhibited β -adrenergic ligand binding to calf lung receptors and to precipitated, solubilized calf lung β -adrenergic receptors. In addition, α -adrenergic and cholinergic hypersensitivity and β -adrenergic hyposensitivity were detected in these individuals.466,467
Assessment and management of mild traumatic brain injury
Published in Mark J. Ashley, David A. Hovda, Traumatic Brain Injury, 2017
Mark J. Ashley, Matthew J. Ashley
Similarly, the use of antivertiginous drugs for management of dizziness should be avoided except in the most severe of cases. These medications work by reducing the responsivity of the vestibular end organ. Although the exact cause of vestibular hypersensitivity following concussion can vary from end-organ pathologies to involvement of the vestibulocerebellar, vestibulo-ocular, or vestibulospinal pathways to involvement of cortical vestibular sensory regions, treatment usually relies upon progressive movement therapies designed to desensitize or habituate vestibular response. In rare instances, the system is hyposensitive to movement. Therapies for both hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity are largely similar. Medications that reduce end-organ response will frustrate this effort. The use of antiemetic medications is also discouraged, except in the most severe cases, due to the antagonistic dopaminergic effect of the drugs.
Frames of Reference: Guiding Treatment for Children with Autism
Published in Jerry A. Johnson, David A. Ethridge, Developmental Disabilities: A Handbook for Occupational Therapists, 2013
Mary Ann L. Bloomer, Catherine C. Rose
Other studies have suggested that disturbances in memory and attentional mechanisms may contribute to the etiology of autism. The possible defects in the limbic system previously mentioned (Deling, 1978) seem to implicate memory disturbances in children with autism. Hutt et al., (1965) identified the child with autism as being physiologically over-stimulated and therefore unable to process sensory input. The authors hypothesize that the repetitive stimulation often noted may serve as an arousal-reducing function. According to Ramm (1983), children with autism receive inadequate sensory stimulation and therefore commonly seek it through atypical motility patterns. The observed hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to stimuli may be due to a defect in the ability to selectively attend to a task (Grandin, 1984). Kootz et al., (1982) suggest that children with autism avoid stimulation and resort to self-stimulating behaviors to “flood sensory receptors and insist on an unchanging environment.”
The Different Faces of (High) Sensitivity, Toward a More Comprehensive Measurement Instrument. Development and Validation of the Sensory Processing Sensitivity Questionnaire (SPSQ)
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2022
Véronique De Gucht, Dion H. A. Woestenburg, Tom F. Wilderjans
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders − 5 (DSM-5, American Psychiatric Association, 2013) mentions, however, both hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity to environmental stimuli as diagnostic criteria of ASD. Attention to detail is a symptom of autism, but so is a lack of sensitivity to interpersonal subtleties, subtleties in communication or interaction with others. A previous study (Liss et al., 2008) showed that the negative dimensions of the HSPS (the subscales ‘Ease of Excitation’ and ‘Low Sensory Threshold’) were related to symptoms of autism. The positive dimension of the HSPS (the ‘Esthetic Sensitivity’ subscale) was positively related to 'attention to detail' but negatively to communication skills. The use of the SPSQ in persons with ASD could allow us to get a more detailed and differentiated picture of SPS in this patient population. The central questions are "On which positive and negative dimensions does this population score higher/the same/lower than the general population?" and "To what extent does this more differentiated picture of hyper- and hyposensitivity provide us with tools for psychological interventions in this population?".
The relationship between health related quality of life and sensory deficits among patients with diabetes mellitus
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2018
Batya Engel-Yeger, Sanaa Darawsha Najjar, Mahmud Darawsha
One of the best-known models for sensory processing and their impacts on human behavior and daily life was created by Dunn [14]. Dunn’s model refers the difficulties of the central nervous system to monitor and regulate sensory information (Dunn, 1997) and stresses that need to refer to the interaction between people’s tendency for hyper or hypo sensitivity and their self-regulation strategies to cope with it. Some people use a passive strategy and allow stimuli to occur or not as the environment dictates, while others use an active strategy and act to control the amount and type of sensory input they receive [14]. Individuals with hyposensitivity fail to detect sensation. If they do not actively seek out sensory input, they are described as “low registrators,” while those who use an active strategy are called “sensation seekers” in that they actively seek environments and activities that are rich in sensory stimuli. Individuals with hypersensitivity who use a passive strategy do not actively limit their exposure to uncomfortable stimuli and are termed “sensory sensitive,” while those who use active strategies and actively limit exposure to sensations are called “sensation avoiders.”
Sensory hypo- and hypersensitivity in patients with brain tumors
Published in Brain Injury, 2022
Ryuta Ochi, Shoko Saito, Kentaro Hiromitsu, Yayoi Shigemune, Nobusada Shinoura, Ryoji Yamada, Akira Midorikawa
In conclusion, the present study revealed that multimodal sensory changes, including in the visual and auditory modalities among others, occurred in patients with brain tumors; one-third of these patients struggled with multiple sensory changes. In addition, the sensory changes included both hyper- and hyposensitivity. Patients’ emotional state might be related to these sensory changes, but the results were inconclusive.