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Bacterial, Mycobacterial, and Spirochetal (Nonvenereal) Infections
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Clinical presentation: There are a number of cutaneous manifestations, such as nail infection leading to green nail syndrome (Figure 6.10), interdigital infection, folliculitis, ear infections, subcutaneous nodules, ecthyma gangrenosum, and severe skin and soft tissue infection. Spa-pool or hot-tub folliculitis represents follicular inflammation due to bathing in heated and infected water. This can create a red, itchy, tender, and pustular dermatitis within a few hours or days. Immunocompromised individuals have occasionally developed bacterial emboli that create hemorrhagic erythematous lesions. They can create gangrenous ulcerations with a black scab and surrounding erythema (Figure 6.11).
Nail pigmentation
Published in Robert Baran, Dimitris Rigopoulos, Chander Grover, Eckart Haneke, Nail Therapies, 2021
Robert Baran, Dimitris Rigopoulos
The nails may be a part of the triad characterizing the “green nail” syndrome: (1) a greenish discoloration of the nail plate (Figure 17.5); (2) paronychia; and (3) Pseudomonas infection with onycholysis and fruity odor frequently observed.
Hematomas
Published in Nilton Di Chiacchio, Antonella Tosti, Therapies for Nail Disorders, 2020
Nail hematoma has a broad differential diagnosis and includes etiologies of melanonychia. Recognition of characteristic features from the history and physical examination are helpful in ruling in/out other nail disorders. For example, a history of significant wet work, onycholysis, and green-black discoloration of the nail plate may be a sign of green nail syndrome due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa nail infection. An expanding black band involving the hallux, with pigment involving the proximal nail fold (Hutchinson's sign) warrants a nail matrix biopsy to rule out subungual melanoma.3Table 8.1 summarizes the differential diagnosis of subungual hematoma.
Optimal diagnosis and management of common nail disorders
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Other causes of non-melanocytic nail pigmentation include fungal melanonychia, green nail syndrome and exogenous pigmentation. Trichophyton rubrum and Scytalidium dimidiatum may cause fungal melanonychia, with T. rubrum producing a black pigment and S. dimidiatum causing diffuse brown pigmentation [100]. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the causative bacteria in green nail syndrome, by production of pyoverdin and pyocyanin [101]. Exogenous pigmentation is caused by exposure to chemical agents, application of silver nitrate, tobacco, dirt and cosmetic products (henna, hair dyes). Exogenous pigment can be removed with alcohol or by gentle scraping with an 11 blade [99].
Uses of eye drops in dermatology, literature review
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Sameh Magdy Sarsik, Heba Saed El-Amawy
Green nail syndrome is a bacterial infection caused by P. aeruginosa that causes a greenish-black coloring of the nail due to pyocyanin pigment synthesis. To ensure a high concentration of the therapeutic agent and poor permeability of the nail plate to topical drugs, systemic antibiotics are the first line of treatment for nail infections (90). Even though systemic medicines are widely available and effective, they are linked to systemic side effects, resistance, and low intravenous medication compliance (91,92).