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Neuroimaging
Published in Ibrahim Natalwala, Ammar Natalwala, E Glucksman, MCQs in Neurology and Neurosurgery for Medical Students, 2022
Ibrahim Natalwala, Ammar Natalwala, E Glucksman
iii – Arachnoid cyst. It is an intra-arachnoid sac that is filled with CSF without being connected to the ventricular system. It is the most common congenital intracranial cystic abnormality. However, it makes up around 1% of all intracranial masses. Fifty per cent of arachnoid cysts are located in the middle cranial fossa. Epidermoid cyst is the top differential diagnosis. They are often asymptomatic and found incidentally. MRI with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery is the best diagnostic imaging modality. It is usually left without treatment.12 The following side-by-side images are a comparison of the same arachnoid cyst as seen on a T2-weighted MRI scan (left) and a normal CT scan of the head (right).
Malignant tumors
Published in Archana Singal, Shekhar Neema, Piyush Kumar, Nail Disorders, 2019
Sebaceous carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm with sebocytic differentiation. There is one report of a sebaceous gland carcinoma of the lateral aspect of the right index finger in a 46-year-old man. It presented as a painless swelling without bony alterations on X-ray. The excision was carried out under the clinical diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst and showed an irregular, well-circumscribed lesion with a pseudocapsule. The lesion was treated by amputation.87
Miscellaneous conditions affecting the genitalia
Published in Shiv Shanker Pareek, The Pictorial Atlas of Common Genito-Urinary Medicine, 2018
Epidermoid cysts of the testis are uncommon benign tumours of the germ cells. The condition was first reported by Docherty and Priestly in 1942. Epidermoid cysts cannot be distinguished from malignant testicular tumours on clinical presentation and can occur at almost any age. The cyst is usually unilateral and singular.
Intraspinal dermoid and epidermoid cysts: Long-term outcome and risk factors
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2020
Xin Wang, Jun Gao, Tianyu Wang, Zhimin Li, Yongning Li
In our study, the OS and PFS at 8 years were 100% and 78.95% respectively. Based on the JOA score (50–100%), 56.14% of patients had a good outcome, which it was lower than Liu et al. and van Aalst et al. reported.15,16 It is important to understand the risk factors for tumor recurrence and outcome. The univariate analysis showed that the recurrence and a poor outcome are related to tumor size more than 4 cm, STR and sphincter disturbances (P < 0.05). However, gender, age, tumor location, and related disease had little correlation. There is no doubt that patients who have a high risk of recurrence and poor outcome should have an annual MRI with outpatient follow-up and physical examination. Due to the small sample size of our study, future studies should be performed to verify the conclusions. Understanding the risk factors and outcomes for the current treatments of dermoid and epidermoid cysts is of great importance for the treatment of patients.
Epidermoid cyst of the urinary bladder: a case report
Published in The Aging Male, 2020
Osman Akyüz, Zeynep Tatar, Soner Çoban, Mehmet Demir, Kamil Çam
Epidermoid cysts are benign lesions covered with squamous epithelium producing keratinous material. It has been reported to be more common in adult men [1]. The risk of malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma has been reported in approximately 1% of the cases It has been also indicated that 70% of malignancies developed were squamous cell carcinoma [1]. The specific mechanism behind malignant transformation of squamous cell carcinoma of epidermoid cysts is unclear [2].
Application of intra-operative magnetic resonance imaging for intracranial epidermoid cysts
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Akihide Kondo, Osamu Akiyama, Shigeki Aoki, Hajime Arai
Previous studies have shown the value of iMRI for identifying lesions that cannot be identified with a microscope.14 An epidermoid cyst is a well-demarcated and benign tumour with slow growth, and the incidence of malignant transformation is only 1%.15,16 Surgery is carried out to reduce the pressure caused by the tumour, which deforms other structures due to the tumour bulk.