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Ticks
Published in Jerome Goddard, Public Health Entomology, 2022
Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. Ehrlichia and Anaplasma organisms may be transmitted by ticks as well. They are rickettsia-like bacteria that primarily infect circulating leukocytes. The most common of them, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), occurs mostly in the central and southern United States, and infects mononuclear phagocytes in blood and tissues.12 There were 1,799 cases of HME in the United States in 2018.4 A new species of Ehrlichia causing human illness in Minnesota and Wisconsin has recently been recognized.13 Another, Anaplasma (formerly Ehrlichia) phagocytophilum, infects granulocytes and causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA); it is mostly reported from the upper Midwest and northeastern United States. There were 4,008 cases of HGA in the United States in 2018.4
Mycotoxins and Tick-Borne Disease
Published in Sahar Swidan, Matthew Bennett, Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 2020
It is well-known that co-infections of ticks with various pathogens including Babesia, Bartonella, and ehrlichiosis occur.36 The CDC has listed several other co-infections and Borrelia variants on their website.37 It is interesting to note that the CDC acknowledges that variant strains of Borrelia, such as Borrelia miyamotoi, Borrelia hermsii, B. parkerii, and B. turicatae, are not identified by current two-tier testing. The presence of co-infections often causes differences in clinical presentation and laboratory testing and may make treatment of the patient more challenging. Additional antimicrobials or a longer period of treatment is often required.
Diagnostic Approach to Rash and Fever in the Critical Care Unit
Published in Cheston B. Cunha, Burke A. Cunha, Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Critical Care Medicine, 2020
Lee S. Engel, Charles V. Sanders, Fred A. Lopez
Streptococcus viridans bacteremia can cause generalized erythema. Ehrlichiosis can produce a toxic shock-like syndrome with diffuse erythema. Enteroviral infections, graft versus host disease, and erythroderma may all present with diffuse erythema [10].
Multiple coinfections and Guillain Barré syndrome following outdoor travel to the American Northeast
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2023
William Farrington, Farzam Farahani, Kevin Garrett Tayon, Jaclyn Rudzinski, Mark Feldman, Kartavya Sharma
We found only two reported cases of GBS associated with babesiosis, one of which was attributed to treatment of the infection with diminazene aceturate.11,12 No cases of GBS following human monocytic ehrlichiosis were identified in the literature. However, ehrlichiosis has been identified in the setting of canine postinfectious polyradiculoneuritis, raising the plausibility of similar pathogenesis in our patient.13 Notably, babesiosis and ehrlichiosis are tickborne zoonoses, and it is not uncommon to have coinfections transmitted by the same arthropod vector.14 One study found that 10% of Ixodes ticks in western New Jersey are coinfected by some combination of Babesia, Ehrlichia, and Borrelia species.15 Broad screening after endemic exposure is therefore prudent.
Permethrin treated clothing to protect outdoor workers: evaluation of different methods for mosquito exposure against populations with differing resistance status
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2018
Stephanie L. Richards, Nwanne Agada, Jo Anne G. Balanay, Avian V. White
Commonly reported tick-borne diseases are Lyme disease, spotted fever group rickettsiosis, ehrlichiosis, and anaplasmosis [3]. The reason for the high number of tick-borne disease cases in recent years may be due to a lack of public knowledge of tick bite prevention methods [4]. A serosurvey done on United States National Park Service employees revealed that 22% of employees were seropositive from past exposure to spotted fever group rickettsiae, 3% were seropositive from past exposure to Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and 8% of employees were seropositive from past exposure to Anaplasma phagocytophylium [5]. Most of the participants spent 26% of their time working outdoors. This same study also looked at mosquito-borne pathogens and found that 1.5% were seropositive from past exposure to West Nile virus, 12.6% were seropositive from past exposure to La Crosse virus, and 2.2% were seropositive from a flavivirus (type not specified) [5]. A participant who was infected with La Crosse virus was reported to have spent 38% of his time working outdoors [5].
Detection of Neoehrlichia mikurensis DNA in blood donors in southeastern Sweden
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2022
Lisa Labbé Sandelin, Jenny Olofsson, Conny Tolf, Louise Rohlén, Lars Brudin, Ivar Tjernberg, Per-Eric Lindgren, Björn Olsen, Jonas Waldenström
Previous tick-borne disease (TBD) was reported by 167/1005 (17%) participants, and Lyme borreliosis was by far the most frequently reported TBD. One participant reported tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), one reported suspected TBE, and one was previously diagnosed with ehrlichiosis. A total of 529 (53%) participants had pets, most commonly cats or dogs (Table 2). When comparing the pre-pandemic year 2019 with the COVID-19 pandemic year 2021, there were no significant differences in spending time outdoors (Chi-2 = 0.19; df = 1; p = .67) or tick bites (Chi-2 = 1.56; df = 1; p = .21).