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Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Treatment Techniques for COVID-19
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
The application medicine mainly consists of ephedra, pinellia ternata, lumbricus, sinapis alba, perillaseed, and almond. The prescription has broad-spectrum antibacterial, anticancer, and osmotic effects. It is mostly used for cold phlegm stagnation, chest full hypochondriac pain, cough, asthma, and many other diseases. Ephedra and almond are good for cough and asthma, lumbricus is good for clearing heat and asthma, pinellia ternata is good for dryness and dampness. The combination of various drugs has the effect of warming the lung, dispersing cold, eliminating phlegm, and promoting qi, so the application of acupoint application therapy can effectively improve the symptoms of patients’ upper respiratory tracts.
Increasing the Sensitivity of Adipocytes and Skeletal Muscle Cells to Insulin
Published in Christophe Wiart, Medicinal Plants in Asia for Metabolic Syndrome, 2017
Aqueous extract of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Makino given to obese Zucker rats orally at a daily dose of 400 mg/kg for 6 weeks had no effect on body weight, food intake, plasma cholesterol, lowered plasma free fatty acids from 0.5 to 0.4 mmol/L and plasma triglycerides from 583.6 to 440.2 mg/dL. In the brown adipose tissue, the regimen induced the expression of uncoupling protein-1 (only found in brown adipose tissues) but no increase was observable with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α.324 In white adipose tissue, the extract induced the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α.324Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Makino contains alkaloids of which ephedrine and trigonelline.325 Ephedrine at a dose of 0.1% of a diet given to obese Avy/a mice to 39 days evoked a weight loss of 6.7 g in the first week of the regimen and 3.2 g during the second week, and no further weight lost for the remaining days of the treatment. During the first 2 weeks the food consumption of mice receiving ephedrine increased from 4 to 4.6 g/mouse/day.326 Subcutaneous injection of ephedrine at a dose of 40 mg/Kg twice a day for 11 days induced a weight loss of 6.5 g and a reduction of food intake of 7 g/mouse/day.326 Furthermore, 60 mg/Kg given subcutaneously twice a day evoked another 3.5 g in weight loss with a reduction of food intake of 5g g/mouse/day.326 In normal mice, ephedrine at 0.08% induced a fall in body weight by 3 g after 10 days with concomitant increase in food consumption.326 After 39 days of treatment with 0.1% of ephedrine the Avy/a mice had a reduction of body weight of 8 g, a reduction of cholesterolemia from 142 to 123.6 mg/dL, a reduction of triglyceridemia from 179.9 to 159 mg/dL and a reduction of hepatic triglycerides from 104.2 to 32.5 μmol/g.326 Ephedrine in healthy volunteers induces increase in thermogenesis, heart rate, systolic blood pressure and plasma glucose by activating β-receptors expressed by adipocytes.327 This alkaloid has been incorporated in some slimming products and taken at high dose and reported to induce hypertension, palpitations, tachycardia, cardiac arrest, stroke, and seizure.328,329 This is an supplementary example to suggest that the use of infusion or decoctions of non toxic medicinal plants should be preferred as pure concentrated isolated natural products.
Pinellia ternata attenuates carotid artery intimal hyperplasia and increases endothelial progenitor cell activity via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in wire-injured rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Hai-Ke Lu, Yan Huang, Xiao-Yu Liang, Ying-Yi Dai, Xin-Tong Liu
Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. (Araceae) (PT), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used to prevent/treat excessive phlegm and emesis (Zhang et al. 2016). Numerous studies have reported that PT and its ingredients also have other applications and functions. For example, Yu et al. (2015) found that PT lectin has proinflammatory activity and is involved in ROS overproduction, NF-κB pathway activation and subsequent induction of cytokine release and neutrophil migration. A polysaccharide from the tubers of PT can inhibit the proliferation of human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, and this polysaccharide may be able to be developed as a promising drug for the prevention and treatment of human cholangiocarcinoma (Li et al. 2016). Chen et al. (2014) found that tangerine peels and PT tubers can upregulate the levels of PBK and p-Akt in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and play important roles in the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis. Guo et al. (2017) found that Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction has a significant therapeutic effect on atherosclerotic Apo-E–/– mouse lesions. In the clinic, PT has been widely used for the treatment of atherosclerosis and hyperlipidaemia (Wang et al. 2008).
Nrf2 participates in mechanisms for reducing the toxicity and enhancing the antitumour effect of Radix Tripterygium wilfordii to S180-bearing mice by herbal-processing technology
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2019
Jun-Ming Wang, Jin-Yang Li, Hong Cai, Rong-Xing Chen, Yue-Yue Zhang, Lu-Lu Zhang, Ying Cui, Yong-Xian Cheng
Processing (‘Paozhi’ in Chinese Pinyin), as an ancient and classic pharmaceutical technology of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is one of the characteristics and advantages of TCM (Wang et al. 2012a; Cai et al. 2017). According to the TCM theory, proper processing can reduce the toxicity and change the curative efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine through proper processing (CHM) (Wang et al. 2012a; Cai et al. 2017). Processed-herb technology, as one of the most common and traditional concocted techniques, is to use some CHMs to concoct other CHMs in order to promote efficacy, attenuate toxicity, prevent the poor bias or influence medicinal properties (Wang et al. 2012a; Cai et al. 2017). Since ‘Toxicity of Radix Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. (Ranunculaceae) (Chuanwu) is alleviated by processing with a medicinal herb Apis cerana Fabricius (Apidae) (Fengmi)’ (Cai et al. 2017) was first recorded by Zhang Zhongjing’s ‘Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber’ in the Eastern Han Dynasty of China, processed-herb technique has been used for more than 2000 years and has been continuously enriched and improved in modern applications such as Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberaceae) (Shengjiang)-processed Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. (Araceae) (Banxia) and cortex Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils. (Magnoliaceae) (Houpo), Fengmi-processed Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (Fabaceae) (Gancao, GC) and Lilium brownii F.E. Brown var. viridulum Baker (Liliaceae) (Baihe), Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. (Rutaceae) (Wuzhuyu)-processed Coptis chinensis Franch. (Ranunculaceae) (Huanglian), Typhae pollen (Puhuang)-processed Asini Corii Colla (Ejiao) (Cai et al. 2017) and so on. However, the principle and essence on processed-herb technology are almost unknown, which restricts its reasonable application. In recent years, research (Wu et al. 2012; Chen et al. 2013; Gong et al. 2013; Zhao et al. 2014; Cao et al. 2015b; Yun et al. 2015) on the processed detoxification of toxic CHMs, such as Radix Euphorbia kansui T.N. Liou ex T.P. Wang (Euphorbiaceae) (Gansui), Euphorbiae Radix Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr. (Euphorbiaceae) (Jingdaji), Flos Daphne genkwa Sieb. et Zucc. (Thymelaeaceae) (Yuanhua), Radix Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. (Phytolaccaceae) (Shanglu), Radix Praeparaia Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. (Ranunculaceae) (Fuzi) and Radix Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (Polygonaceae) (Heshouwu), has become one of the hot topics in academia.