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Consciousness
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Tricia L. Chandler, Tara G. Matthews, Karlene Barrett, M. A. Lawless Coker
ACT also utilizes strategies that are similar to mindfulness-based therapies while using different language to describe how they work. Mindfulness skills are taught to clients to assist them in creating a richer and more meaningful life while effectively handling the pain and stress that occurs in any life. Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is a group program that uses mindfulness meditation to alleviate suffering associated with physical, psychosomatic, and psychiatric disorders. Research studies into the effectiveness of MBSR have demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of anxiety and panic (Kabat-Zinn et al., 1992; Miller et al., 1995), while a meta-analysis of 20 empirical studies suggests that MBSR may also help a wide range of individuals cope with depression, anxiety, pain, cancer, and heart disease (Grossman et al., 2004). Both ACT and MBSR show promise as therapies that help treat underlying emotional and anxiety-ridden thoughts. ACT combines mindfulness with cognitive-behavioral approaches to therapy and is part of the third wave of behavior therapy, along with dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), which has demonstrated sensitivity to the context and functions of psychological phenomena and tends to emphasize contextual and experiential change strategies in addition to more direct and didactic ones (Baer, 2003; Hayes & Shenk, 2004).
Emotional Wellness and Stress Resilience
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Gia Merlo, Ariyaneh Nikbin, Hanjun Ryu
Mindfulness may be more attractive as an option for those who may be wary of the spiritual connotations of meditation. Mindfulness refers to the practice of maintaining a state of awareness of one’s thoughts, emotions, or experiences. Many of the same techniques used in meditation are used to develop mindfulness, such as mindfulness meditation, body awareness, and exploration of thoughts. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a popular mindfulness program developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn to help people to be aware of and respond consciously to external stressors.103 Mindfulness is associated with improved psychological well-being and reduced perceived stress.104,105 Like meditation, mindfulness also has effects on the brain, such as through changes in gray matter concentration regions involved in learning, memory, and emotional regulation.105,106 Crucially, MBSR has been shown to increase self-compassion in healthcare professionals, allowing us to develop a growth mindset that is inherently more resilient to stress.107
Talking Helps
Published in Clare Gerada, Zaid Al-Najjar, Beneath the White Coat, 2020
Clare Gerada, Caroline Walker, Richard Jones
MBIs include a range of interventions, based on using mindfulness and include mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive behaviour therapy (MBCT). MBSR can help people address stress, pain, anxiety and depression. MBCT combines CBT techniques with mindfulness strategies in order to help individuals better understand and manage their thoughts and emotions to achieve relief from distress.
A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction in Healthy Older Adults
Published in Clinical Gerontologist, 2023
Sandy J. Lwi, Selvi R. Paulraj, Krista Schendel, Denise G. Dempsey, Brian C. Curran, Timothy J. Herron, Juliana V. Baldo
One approach to optimizing brain health in older adults is to reduce factors that are known to be deleterious. For example, chronic stress exposure has been linked to neuronal injury and cognitive decline (Magri et al., 2006; Swan et al., 1998), suggesting that stress reduction may be particularly important for maintaining and improving cognitive health in older adults. One such potential intervention for reducing stress is Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR; Kabat-Zinn, 1990). MBSR uses mindfulness techniques to teach people how to focus their attention on breathing and other bodily sensations, while observing their thoughts without judgment. This practice has been shown to reduce stress and improve coping and recovery in a variety of populations (Abbott et al., 2014; Azulay, Smart, Mott, & Cicerone, 2013; Bédard et al., 2014; Hofer et al., 2014; B. Johansson, Bjuhr, & Rönnbäck, 2012; Joo, Lee, Chung, & Shin, 2010; Medina & Mead, 2021). MBSR could be particularly advantageous for facilitating brain health in older adults, as late life can bring challenges that lead to chronic stress (e.g., loss of loved ones, health declines), which may further increase older adults’ risk for cognitive decline (Gerritsen et al., 2017; L. Johansson et al., 2013). Teaching MBSR to older adults could thus positively impact their functioning through a low-risk and low-cost intervention.
Mindfulness instruction for medication adherence among adolescents and young adults living with HIV: a randomized controlled trial
Published in AIDS Care, 2022
Erica M. S. Sibinga, Lindsey Webb, Jamie Perin, Vicki Tepper, Deanna Kerrigan, Suzanne Grieb, Julie Denison, Jonathan Ellen
Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is a structured 8-week program designed to cultivate mindfulness, a focused non-judgmental awareness of present moment experience (Kabat-Zinn, 1990). The program was adapted for urban youth (Sibinga et al., 2008, 2011) from the broadly used evidence-based curriculum developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn (Kabat-Zinn, 1990). It consists of eight 2-hour weekly sessions and one 3-hour retreat. Consistent with MBSR, the program includes: (1) material related to mindfulness, meditation, yoga, and the mind–body connection, (2) experiential practice of mindfulness meditation, mindful yoga, and “body scan”, and encouragement of home practice, and (3) group discussion of barriers to effective practice. Group discussions focused on issues related to mindfulness practice; HIV was not a program topic. MBSR groups were led by two instructors trained at the University of Massachusetts’ Center for Mindfulness, experienced with working with urban youth.
Mindfulness, anxiety, and perceived stress in university students: Comparing a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) against active and traditional control conditions
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Alissa Dark-Freudeman, Colby Jones, Christian Terry
MBSR was developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center and was originally created to reduce pain symptoms among patients who were unable to manage their pain through traditional medical treatments. Kabat-Zinn defines mindfulness as “the awareness that arises by paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally.”6(p. xxxv) The traditional MBSR curriculum involves training in formal meditation techniques designed to increase awareness including: body-scan meditation, sitting meditation, walking meditation, yoga, and loving kindness meditation. Traditionally, the MBSR program includes eight group sessions (2.5-3.5 hours per week) led by an instructor. 14 Throughout the program, participants practice nonjudgmental awareness and learn to recognize the ways in which they think about and respond to negative events. In addition to the weekly sessions, the MBSR program includes home practice assignments (45-60 minutes of meditation per day, six days per week), a workbook containing daily awareness exercises, and an all-day silent retreat.14