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Ethnobotanical Survey for Managing Selected Non-Communicable Diseases
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Masood Sadiq Butt, Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants, 2019
Godwin Ojochogu Adejo, Sunday Ene-Ojo Atawodi, Kingsley Okoyomoh
Garcinia kola seeds possess phytochemicals like biflavonoids, xanthone, and benzophenones,83 which are powerful antioxidants. The phenolics found in G. kola have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antidiabetic properties.5 The seed extracts and powders of G. kola have been formulated into tablets, creams, and toothpaste.82 The extract of the plant is traditionally used for ailments like larngitis, liver disease, and cough.134 It also has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiulceration, and antiviral properties.
Tribal and Indigenous Knowledge in West Africa: The Use of Food Plants in the Management of Diabetes
Published in David R. Katerere, Wendy Applequist, Oluwaseyi M. Aboyade, Chamunorwa Togo, Traditional and Indigenous Knowledge for the Modern Era, 2019
Oluwaseyi M. Aboyade, David R. Katerere
For food plants originating from West Africa with anti-diabetic potentials, very little chemistry and bioassay screening has been conducted to determine the chemical constituents responsible for their activity and their mechanisms of action. There is an urgent need to conduct phytochemical investigations of plants such as Ficus species, Cola nitida, Garcinia kola, Albizia zygia and Afzelia africana that are endemic to the region.
The Sustainability of the World's Soils
Published in Bill Pritchard, Rodomiro Ortiz, Meera Shekar, Routledge Handbook of Food and Nutrition Security, 2016
Stefan Hauser, Lindsey Norgrove
Still existing early forms of tropical agriculture used land in an extensive way by selectively removing vegetation by slashing, followed by burning, yet conserving part of the original vegetation. This ensures that after the cropping phase, fallow re-establishment is rapid. In many parts of West and Central Africa, such practices are enshrined in traditional laws affecting land use rights. For example, in southern Cameroon, mvut (Trichoscypha acuminata) and tom (Pachypodanthium staudtii) trees have to be conserved during clearing to gain exclusive control of the land (Diaw 1997). Likewise, it is forbidden to cut down Garcinia kola trees and thus they feature commonly in food crop fields (Fondoun and Tiki Manga 2000). In such fields, relatively shade-tolerant crops such as plantain (Musa spp. AAB), the cocoyams tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) and taro (Colocasia esculenta) are grown. In the savannah, with fewer trees, light-demanding crops such as sorghum, millet and cowpea are dominant. In the past, crops such as African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa), bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) and various species of melon were more important. These systems were predominant at low human population densities and are still deemed sustainable. However, here it is important to distinguish between sustainability and productivity. The traditional systems were sustainable, meaning they were reliably producing crops sufficient to sustain farming households year after year. Systems relied upon long fallow phases during which soil chemical fertility was restored, weeds were smothered, pests and diseases were reduced or eliminated, and soil macrofaunal populations reestablished under the permanent shade (Hauser 1993). These processes stabilized soil physical and chemical properties. Soil macrofauna produce large biopores with high continuity, allowing rapid water infiltration during heavy rainstorms, thus avoiding or reducing soil erosion.
Ameliorative effects of hexane extract of Garcinia kola seeds Heckel (Clusiaceae) in cisplatin-induced hepatorenal toxicity in mice
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Adeniyi Folayan, Emmanuel Akani, Olayinka A. Adebayo, Olubukola O. Akanni, Solomon E. Owumi, Abiola S. Tijani, Oluwatosin A. Adaramoye
Garcinia kola seeds were bought from Oje Market, Ibadan, Nigeria. The seeds were then certified at the Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, where a voucher specimen already exists (UI-00138/01) at the herbarium. The seeds were skinned, cut, air-dried, and crushed. About 1.1 kg of the powdered seed was extracted with n-hexane using Soxhlet extractor. The n-hexane extract was concentrated with a rotary evaporator (40 °C) and water bath to dryness to give hexane extract of Garcinia kola seed (HEGK) (18% yield).
Isolation of a novel compound (MIMO2) from the methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves: protective effects against vanadium-induced cytotoxity
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2018
Olumayowa O. Igado, Jan Glaser, Mario Ramos-Tirado, Ezgi Eylül Bankoğlu, Foluso A. Atiba, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Helga Stopper, James O. Olopade
In this current study, the HT22 cell line was used to assess the potential protective effect of MIMO2. Using DHE, MIMO2 1 μM (Figure 5) and 5 μM (data not shown) appeared to show higher color intensity relative to 0.5 and 0.25 μM. This could be due to the fact that at 1 μM and above, MIMO2 was pro-oxidative. This is similar to results obtained from in vitro assays in rats using α-tocopherol (Abudu et al. 2004) and Garcinia kola (Igado et al. 2012), when high doses were administered. Even in the presence of the toxicant (vanadium), the toxicity signs observed were still obvious. According to Herbert (1996), every antioxidant is a reduction-oxidation agent (has pro-oxidative potential); in some cases it may protect against free radicals and in other cases may promote free radical generation. Also, excessive antioxidant action can adversely affect key physiological activities. 0.5 and 0.25 μM when given alone and in combination with vanadium 100 μM gave results that were lower than what was previously obtained with higher concentrations of MIMO2. Although MO 0.063 mg showed results similar to the two lower concentrations of MIMO2 when the DHE intensity was assessed, using other tests may show that the crude extract might not be as effective or give as desirable result as the pure compound. In the Comet-Assay, DNA damage in HT22 cells was reduced after incubation with MO 0.01 mg/ml, MIMO2 0.5 µM and MIMO2 0.25 µM (Figure 7) following vanadium incubation suggesting a possible protective effect. The reasons for this ameliorative effect displayed by MIMO2 could not yet be ascertained. It is possible that it had a chelative effect on vanadium, as seen in kolaviron, a bioflavonoid antioxidant (Farombi et al. 2002, Farombi and Nwaokeafor, 2005, Igado et al. 2012). Also, due to the fact that the vitality test did not show any significant difference (the lowest vitality value being 88%), it can be deduced that the DNA damage observed was not an indirect effect of cell death, but due to the genotoxicity of vanadium.
A review on garcinia kola heckel: traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and toxicology
Published in Biomarkers, 2022
Okezie Emmanuel, Miracle E. Uche, Emmanuel D. Dike, Lotanna R. Etumnu, Ositadinma C. Ugbogu, Eziuche A. Ugbogu
G. kola is among one of the numerous medicinal plants used in the treatment of many diseases. Garcinia kola Heckel, popularly known as bitter kola, is an important medicinal plant that belongs to the family Clusiaceae. It is an evergreen, perennial, flowering multipurpose tropical tree that bears fruits that contain seeds. The seeds are very bitter/astringent and are used for hospitality during social and cultural events in Africa (Icheku et al. 2018). In ethnomedicine, G. kola is utilised for the treatment of various diseases such diarrhoea, bronchitis, bacterial infection, cough, throat infection, hepatitis, gonorrhoea, laryngitis, skin infection, food poison, liver and gastric diseases (Ahidjo et al. 2021). Different phytochemical studies have demonstrated that G. kola consists of a plethora of phytoconstituents with diverse pharmacological potentials. Kolaviron (a biflavonoid complex) is a major bioactive component that is found in G. Kola seeds. It is a golden-yellow defatted ethanol fraction of G. kola seeds that contain Garcinia biflavanone (GB) 1, GB 2, and kolaflavanone in an approximate ratio of 2:2:1 (Adaramoye and Adeyemi 2010). Kolaviron has been shown to exert hepatoprotective effect against carbon tetrachlorid, galactosamine-, paracetamol-, thioacetamide-, and 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced toxicities in different animal models (Adaramoye and Adeyemi 2010). It is also known for its hypoglycaemic effects in normal, alloxan- and streptozotocin-induced diabetic animal models, anti-hypercholesterolemic activity, and antioxidant activity (Adaramoye and Lawal 2013). Other bioactive compounds include; 9-octadecenoic acid, linoleic acid, 14-methylpentadecanoic acid, 1-butanol, hexadecanamide, I-4′,II-4′,I-5,II-5,I-7,II-7-hexahydroxy-I-3,II-8-biflavanone, lanost-7-en-3-one, kolaflavanone (8E)-4-geranyl-3,5-dihydroxybenzophenone, glutinol, GB-2a-II-4′-OMe (Garcinia biflavonoid), 9,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol, 24-methylene, tirucallol, lupeol, β–amyrin, garcioic, garcinal, obtusifoliol and Kolaviron (Terashima et al. 2002, Seanego and Ndip 2012, Icheku et al. 2018, Folayan et al. 2020).