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Phytoconstituent-Loaded Nanomedicines for Arthritis Management
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Syed Salman Ali, Snigdha Bhardwaj, Najam Ali Khan, Syed Sarim Imam, Chandra Kala
Herbal remedies, after being an important research area and clinical practice in orthopedics and rheumatology, it is a key priority of physicians and their patients to understand the balance ratio of risk and benefits associated with herbal therapy for the proper management of arthritis, rheumatic conditions, and musculoskeletal pains. With increasing cases of various arthritic conditions (such as Osteoarthritis and other forms), recent studies suggest that available pharmacotherapy is not effective in terms of capability to retain the originality of bone structure and function in diseased conditions. Several problems like less relief of symptom, side-effects with prolonged treatment leads to chronic illness, makes less attractive approach towards conventional medical therapy for the proper treatment of arthritis, and other arthritic conditions indicate a straightforward approach for novel, innovative, safe, and effective alternative treatment for arthritic patients. Natural products may be an answer to the current problem in therapy as most of them have faith that herbals are a natural gift and moreover is a safer option as compared with synthetic drugs. Ethnopharmacology is a new and rapidly developing discipline and involves the study of the use of herbal and medicinal plants by particular cultural groups (Ali et al., 2012).
An Introduction to the Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Shandesh Bhattarai, Christiane Mendes Feitosa, Mahendra Rai
Ethnopharmacological research greatly increases the chances of discovering new drugs (Soejarto et al. 2005). For example, one large-scale study provides some pointers to success rates with natural product screening. The National Cancer Institute’s anti-cancer screening program publicized that screening of plants collected based on some ethnopharmacological information gave a hit rate of 19.9%, followed by random samples screening which gave a hit rate of 10.4% (Harvey 2002, Soejarto et al. 2005). Ethnopharmacologists typically use the working hypotheses resultant from anthropological fieldworks and therefore, ethnopharmacology study is trans-disciplinary (Etkin and Elisabetsky 2005, Gertsch 2009). Of thousands of claims of bioactive natural products with potential therapeutic applications, few claims are verified (Gertsch 2009). Natural product medicines have come from various sources including terrestrial plants, terrestrial microorganisms, marine organisms, and terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates (Newman et al. 2000). Natural products are the most important source of drugs because ethnopharmacology is the source of all medicines.
The Path of Ethnopharmacobotany
Published in José L. Martinez, Amner Muñoz-Acevedo, Mahendra Rai, Ethnobotany, 2019
Marcelo L. Wagner, Leonardo M. Anconatani, Rafael A. Ricco, Beatriz G. Varela, Gustavo C. Giberti
Hence, Ethnopharmacology is not only a science of the past that uses an outdated approach, but it also constitutes the backbone of the development of active therapeutics based on traditional medicine of different ethnic groups. On the other hand, Ethnopharmacology contributes to a better and safer use of such resource (Heinrich 2014).
A review on the pharmacological properties, toxicological characteristics, pathogenic mechanism and analytical methods of aristolochic acids
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Miaomiao Zhang, Haiyan Liu, Yamei Han, Ligai Bai, Hongyuan Yan
In 1961, Filitis et al. (Filitis and Massagetov 1961) firstly proved that AA had anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. Wu et al. (Wu et al. 2005) have reviewed the traditional/folklore medicinal uses and ethnopharmacology of Aristolochia species because of their numerous biological activity reports and unique constituents, AAs. The popular uses include the treatments of erysipelas, dysentery, gastrointestinal colics, snakebites, arthritis, poisoning, and pruritus, etc. In addition, it can be used as slimming regimens, emmenagogue, anthelmintic, purgative, mosquitoes repellent, antidote, anodyne, insecticide and so on. Zhang et al. (Zhang and Zhao 2003) and Wang et al. (Wang and Mao 2014) reviewed the strong physiological effect and clinical application of AA, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, antibacterial, blood pressure regulation and anti-fertility activities. Sati et al. (Sati et al. 2011) reviewed phytochemical and pharmacological potential of Aristolochia indica. The substances isolated from different parts of the plants can treat dry cough, joints pain, inflammation, biliousness, dysphoea of children, snake bite and also used as abortifacient.
In silico prediction of anticarcinogenic bioactivities of traditional anti-inflammatory plants used by tribal healers in Sathyamangalam wildlife Sanctuary, India
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018
Pavithra Chinnasamy, Rajendran Arumugam
Ethnopharmacology becomes an important field to elucidate and justify the indigenous medicinal benefits bioactive of plant compounds through various biochemicals and experimental models [1]. India is one among the country which has potent knowledge of ancient treatment of medicinal plants. Tribal people encompass vast recognition of treatment by plant therapy, and their historical knowledge has guaranteed results over novel experimental studies of plants secondary metabolites as a source to draw anti-inflammatory drugs [1[2]–3] . Wound inflammation, especially chronic wound is considered as a freighting issue on physical welfare, which is tough one to cure. Plant based medicaments are advised because of easy accessibility and better wound healing property of compounds [4,5] . India has documented 45,000 series of plants roughly 7500 species reputable as medicinal plants. Earlier system of Indian medicine “Ayurveda” describes healing properties as ‘Vranaropaka’ and treated with medicinal plants [6,7] .
Radionuclide concentrations in medicinal florae and committed effective dose through Ayurvedic medicines
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020
S. Monica, Panakal John Jojo, Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
Ayurveda is as old as the Vedic age. Ayurvedic medicines are based on plants, animals extract and minerals both in single ingredient drugs and compound formulations (Samy et al. 2008). Plant derived medicines have been the first line of defense in maintaining health and combating diseases. This is evident from the fact that herbal preparations were administered mainly in India, China and Africa as antenatal medications to augment labor (John 1984; Veale et al. 1992). Awareness of chemical mechanisms and ethnopharmacology of bioactive molecules in herbs contributed significantly to the development of new drugs from medicinal plants (Cox 1990; Cox and Balick 1994). Plant alkaloids are the primary active ingredients of Ayurvedic drugs. The Indian subcontinent is a vast repository of medicinal plants that are used in traditional medical treatments (Ballabh and Chaurasia 2007). In India, around 20,000 medicinal plants have been identified (Dev 1997). All medicinal plants uptake natural minerals including radionuclides in soil (Desideri et al. 2010; Jevremovic et al. 2011). However, traditional communities use only 7000–7500 plants for curing different diseases (Samy et al. 1998; Kamboj 2000; Samy and Ignacimuthu 2000). According to an earlier study conducted by Ekor (2014), about 80 per cent of the populations of developing countries rely on traditional medicines, mostly herbal drugs, for their primary healthcare needs. This is because, the natural products are recognized as non-narcotic and relatively free from adverse effects compared to synthetic drugs (WHO 2003). Therefore, the demand for medicinal plants is increasing day by day in both developing and developed countries.