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Drug Therapy for Obesity
Published in Ruth Chambers, Paula Stather, Tackling Obesity and Overweight Matters in Health and Social Care, 2022
Just garcina cambogia and hypnotherapy were regarded as being likely to be beneficial in an academic review of a vast range of complementary and alternative medicine—though there was still too little evidence to be sure that they were more effective than conventional interventions such as regular physical exercise and reduced energy intake.9 This review also took in the risk-benefit balance. For instance, there is some evidence that one drug, ephedra sinica, promotes modest weight loss, but it is associated with considerable adverse effects, too, such as psychiatric, autonomic or gastrointestinal symptoms and heart palpitations, as well as concerns over allergic reactions.
Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Ephedrine is an alkaloid and hydroxylated form of phenethylamine which is found in the plant Ephedra sinica and various other plants in the genus Ephedra. It is an α- and β-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. Following administration, ephedrine activates post-synaptic noradrenergic receptors. Activation of α-adrenergic receptors in the vasculature induces vasoconstriction, and activation of 0-adrenergic receptors in the lungs leads to bronchodilation. Ephedrine is commonly used as a stimulant, appetite suppressant, concentration aid, decongestant, and to treat hypotension associated with anesthesia. In pharmaceutical products, ephedrine is employed as ephedrine sulfate (CAS number 134-72-5, EC number 205-154-4, molecular formula C20H32N2O6S) or ephedrine hydrochloride (CAS number 50-98-6, EC number 200-074-6, molecular formula C10H16ClNO) (1).
Herbal Supplements and Health
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Himangini Bansal, Sakshi Bajaj
Ephedra (Ephedra sinica), also called Ma-Huang, is a natural stimulant medication made out of two active components (pseudoephedrine and ephedrine) that are present in numerous over-the-counter items. Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic agent that has boundless uses as an adrenergic stimulant. It originates from plants of the class Ephedra sp., being an alkaloid for the most part present in the specie Ephedra sinica. Ephedrine can be synthesized in the industry as a result of biotransformation or by extraction of the plant. Different subordinates of ephedrine can likewise be found in Ephedra, for example, pseudoephedrine that additionally has adrenergic properties. The most pure form of ephedrine is used for the remedial reason, basically as a bronchodilator and decongestant. Its pharmacological properties are associated with its adrenergic action, which thus happens because of its stimulating action on α-, β1-, and β2-adrenergic receptors via direct and indirect outcomes. These days, there is a worry about the aimless utilization of ephedrine, since it began to be utilized for weight reduction and improve athletic performance. Related with this propensity, an enormous number of side effects related with cardiovascular issues began to be accounted for (Limberger et al., 2013).
Identification of active compounds of traditional chinese medicine derived from maxing shigan decoction for COVID-19 treatment: a meta-analysis and in silico study
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2023
Xiaodan Guo, Yihua Lin, Fengming He, Ying Jin, Simian Chen, Ting Li, Caisheng Wu, Lin Zhang, Xueqin Chen
According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition), 1) Ephedrae Herba are grass stem of Ephedraceae including Ephedra sinica Stapf., Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et C. A. Mey, Ephedra equisetina Bge, Ephedrae herba can promote sweating to dissipate cold, diffuse the lung to calm panting, disinhibit water, and alleviate edema; 2) Armeniacae Semen Amarum source from dried and matured seeds of Prunus armeniaca L. var. ansu Maxim., Prunus sibirica L., Prunus mandshurica (Maxim.) Koehne, and Primus armeniaca L., Armeniacae Semen Amarum can downbear qi to suppress cough and to calm panting, moisten intestines, and relax the bowels; 3) Gypsum Fibrosum is a kind of mineral containing fibrous crystalline polymer of calcium bisulfate, Gypsum Fibrosum can clear heat and purge fire, and eliminate upset and quench thirst; 4) Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma are dried roots and rhizomes of Leguminosae of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat., or Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma can tonify the spleen and replenish qi, clear heat, and release the toxin, dispel phlegm to suppress cough and reconcile other medicines. The combination of the four Chinese herbal medicines releases the external together with clear the lung, mainly to clear, and diffuses the lung combined with downbear qi, mainly to diffuse.
Dry powder inhalation, part 1: ancient history and precursors to modern dry powder inhalers
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Anne Haaije de Boer, Paul Hagedoorn, Floris Grasmeijer
The traditional Chinese medicine yielding temporary relief for shortness of breath, chest tightness, and wheezing is Ma-huang. It is derived from the plant Ephedra sinica having a high ephedrine content [32,33]. The use of Ma-huang for inhalation may have been described for the first time in what is known as the oldest known Chinese book on internal medicine, Nei Ching, in which also symptoms that indicate asthma are mentioned [3]. Often Huang-Ti, also known as Huang-Di, or the Yellow Emperor of China, is mentioned as the author of Nei Ching and Stein and Thiel referred to about 1000 BCE for this book [5]. However, according to modern views its author is unknown, its age is uncertain and its text is partly unauthentic.
Ma Huang Tang ameliorates bronchial asthma symptoms through the TLR9 pathway
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Jiayuan Jiao, Jiming Wu, Jiali Wang, Yaping Guo, Le Gao, Honggang Liang, Jian Huang, Jinhui Wang
The separate preparation of Ephedra sinica, Cinnamomum cassia, Prunus armeniaca L. var. ansu and Glycyrrhiza uralensis: 1 g of Ephedra sinica was crushed and sonicated in 25 mL of methanol for 30 min, and then the supernatant was obtained after centrifugation. Cinnamomum cassia, Prunus armeniaca L. var. ansu and Glycyrrhiza uralensis were prepared in the same way as Ephedra sinica.