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Anesthesia and analgesia in pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Psychoprophylaxis is probably the most common method of nonpharmacologic management of labor pain. Its premise is that knowledge, education, and preparation reduce the severity of the fear–tension–pain cycle. The process usually begins with childbirth education classes that inform the pregnant patient and her partner of the normal progress of pregnancy, labor, and delivery as well as the expectations. In addition, relaxation and distraction techniques are taught as an adjunct to the management of labor pain. These include breathing exercises, focal points, and massage. The patient’s partner plays an important role in the process. Emotional support decreases the level of isolation the patient may feel. Nonfamily individuals trained to provide support (doulas) have been shown to have a beneficial effect on the patient’s perception of pain and the progress of labor (3). Touch and massage are frequent components used to alleviate the pain of labor. These techniques may include effleurage, light touch, and/or counterpressure applied to the low back. The ultimate goals are for the parturient to take an active role in the management of her labor and labor pain. Indeed, studies have shown that patients who have successfully completed a program of childbirth education and utilized the above techniques have a lesser need for pharmacologic treatment as well as a lower incidence of obstetric interventions (4,5). Other non-pharmacologic techniques that have been used include transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), acupuncture, and hypnosis.
Chronic Persistent Pain in Victims of Torture
Published in Robert M. Bennett, The Clinical Neurobiology of Fibromyalgia and Myofascial Pain, 2020
The course of individual treatment. A variety of physiotherapy methods should be applied to relieve pain and improve function, all in accordance with the findings on the physiotherapy examination. Soft tissue treatment plays a major role in the overall treatment of torture survivors, since they have large amounts of adhesive connective tissue within and between the musculoskeletal structures. This scar tissue gives rise to dysfunction due to tightness and pain. As a preliminary treatment gentle effleurage is given to painful areas. The purpose is to help the client to accept being touched, to reduce pain and to relax the muscles. When possible, other methods are introduced such as pain-relieving massage, softening of tight fibrous tissues, stretching of tight muscles and connective tissue, proprioceptive stimulation, and mobilization of stiff joints. Most clients have a changed posture [e.g., they have developed a stooping posture] which can be corrected over time when the client starts improving physically as well as psychologically.
Extraction and Therapeutic Potential of Essential Oils: A Review
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Ademola Olabode Ayeleso, T. Jesse Joel, Sujogya Kumar Panda, The Therapeutic Properties of Medicinal Plants, 2019
The cold-fat extraction method (effleurage) is a process that uses odorless fats that are solid at room temperature to capture the fragrant compounds exuded by plants. The process can be “cold” enfleurage or “hot” enfleurage. The fat used should be comparatively stable against rancidity. It is a technique for flowers, which endure developing and providing off their fragrance even during the collection (e.g., Jasmine, and tuberose). The method is of two types: “cold” enfleurage and “hot” enfleurage. In cold enfleurage, an oversized framed plate of glass (chassis) is spread with a layer of animal fat, typically lard or tallow (from pork or beef, correspondingly), and permitted to settle. Petals or whole flowers are placed flat for 1–3 days so that its scent diffuses into the fat. The method is then continued by exchanging the spent botanicals with new ones until the fat has reached the desired degree of fragrance saturation. In hot enfleurage, solid fats are heated, and plant matter is stirred into the fat (Figure 4.7).
The effect of abdominal massage and stretching exercise on pain and dysmenorrhea symptoms in female university students: A single-blind randomized-controlled clinical trial
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2023
Nazan Ozturk, Emine Gerçek Öter, Meryem Kürek Eken
The abdominal massage and stretching exercises were used as interventions in this randomized-controlled clinical trial. In order to explain and show the massage and exercise applications to the female students, a suitable room in terms of sound, light and environment was arranged by the researchers. During the first interview, the physiotherapist researcher interviewed each student in the MG on different days and times and informed them about abdominal massage. Abdominal massage was shown to each student individually by the researcher, and each student was asked to apply it on their own body to see if they did the massage correctly. The researcher applied effleurage (light touch) clockwise over the abdomen from over the abdominal wall to the intestinal area. Each student was asked to make different kneading movements to the tissues in terms of speed, density and depth. They were told to massage with any moisturizing cream as a lubricant to protect the skin in the massage area. Each student was asked to massage for 10 minutes a day for two months during the first 3 days of the menstrual cycle.
The effects of calf massage in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a prospective interventional study
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2021
Kate Carroll, Eppie M. Yiu, Monique M. Ryan, Rachel A. Kennedy, Katy de Valle
Participants lay prone with lower legs supported on a pillow while 10 min of massage was delivered to the calf muscles of each leg according to protocol whilst the other leg rested. The massage intervention comprised: 2 min effleurage (light pressure administered with a flat hand), 3 min petrissage (medium pressure administered in a wringing motion by compressing and lifting the belly of the muscle between the thumb and fingers), 3 min muscle stripping (deep friction administered by thumbs with slow strokes) and finishing with another 2 min effleurage (light pressure as described above). This is consistent with the massage intervention delivered in the 2012 study by Crane and colleagues which demonstrated changes in inflammatory signalling post-massage [12]. The massage intervention was delivered to the entire calf muscle complex including the tendoachilles. Each component of the massage intervention was timed using a stopwatch. All massage therapy was delivered by a single physiotherapist who had undergone additional training in massage therapy (KdV). Every attempt was made to standardize the intensity of massage for each participant at each visit. Between study visits 1 and 2, participants continued with their regular individual physiotherapy programs which may have included stretching, ankle-foot night splint wear and physical activity. Participants did not receive any massage between the two study visits.
The role of neurasthenia in the formation of the physiotherapy profession
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2021
Playfair’s intervention here is notable because he was considered the physicians most responsible for bringing the Rest Cure to England, and his work played a significant role in shaping the later work of the STM, not least because he saw little scientific merit in the practice of massage: The plain truth, stripped of verbiage, is, that massage is nothing more than a vicarious way of giving exercise to patients who cannot take it themselves, and if the operator does not produce sufficient waste of tissue to enable the patient (possibly bedridden for years) to eat and assimilate without trouble as much food as I choose to order, and steadily to gain in nutrition, she knows very well that I consider the fault hers, and that she will not be allowed to continue her work. Whether this is done by “pétrissage,” or “effleurage,” or anything else, is a matter of indifference to me … and practically I have myself never seen massage employed and do not care how it is done’ (Playfair, 1886).