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Plant-Based Phytochemicals in the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
Salicylic acid is found naturally in high amounts in fruits, such as apricots, apples, cranberries, currants, dates and figs, grapes, and pineapples. Dried fruits are good source of salicylic acid.
Emergency Surgery
Published in Tjun Tang, Elizabeth O'Riordan, Stewart Walsh, Cracking the Intercollegiate General Surgery FRCS Viva, 2020
Alastair Brookes, Yiu-Che Chan, Rebecca Fish, Fung Joon Foo, Aisling Hogan, Thomas Konig, Aoife Lowery, Chelliah R Selvasekar, Choon Sheong Seow, Vishal G Shelat, Paul Sutton, Colin Walsh, John Wang, Ting Hway Wong
What is the triad of intussusception?Obstructive symptoms, red currant jelly stool and right upper abdominal mass.
Physical Performance and Antioxidants
Published in Datta Sourya, Debasis Bagchi, Extreme and Rare Sports, 2019
In some human clinical studies, several antioxidants have been reported to exert positive effects for physical performance (Table 11.1). As found in animal studies, daily supplementation of astaxanthin, quercetin, catechin, and anthocyanins-enriched Black currant improved endurance and VO2max (Cook et al. 2015; Davis et al. 2010; Daneshvar et al. 2013; Earnest et al. 2011; Richards et al. 2010). Intake of glutathione suppressed fatigue-related parameters in cycling exercise (Aoi et al. 2015). In contrast, other studies have shown that those antioxidants did not have any positive effects (Dean et al. 2009; McCormick et al. 2016; Res et al. 2013; Scholten and Sergeev 2013). Although the exact reason for the discrepancy between studies is unclear, the effectiveness of the compounds may differ according to gender, individual characteristics, and mode of ingestion. Recently, we showed that daily intake of antioxidant-rich foods containing catechin, astaxanthin, quercetin, and anthocyanin could benefit training-induced aerobic metabolism of carbohydrates and fats during rest and exercise in healthy young subjects (Takami et al. 2018). This suggests that those antioxidants may exert the benefit by combined additive effect, even a small amount of individual compound.
Brain polar phenol content, behavioural and neurochemical effects of Corinthian currant in a rotenone rat model of Parkinson’s disease
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Eleni Fanarioti, Martha Tsarouchi, Paraskevi B. Vasilakopoulou, Antonia Chiou, Michael Karvelas, Vaios T. Karathanos, Catherine R. Dermon
Corinthian currant, a traditional Greek vine product, is a natural dried fruit, rich in several polar phenol classes, including flavones, flavonols, flavanols, flavanons, benzoic acids, phenylacetic acids, cinnamic acids, anthocyanins [12]. Such phenolic compounds, included in grape skin and seed extract, have been reported to decrease apoptosis through caspase-3 pathway, inhibit the NF-κB-regulated signalling and reduce ROS production [26]. Importantly, its ingredients have been reported to have neuroprotective effects in rodent models of PD. Specifically, resveratrol protected against motor coordination impairment and reduced dopaminergic neuron degeneration in SN [30], quercetin increased neuronal survival and striatal DA and protected against oxidative stress, DA depletion and improved motor balance and coordination, kaempferol and quercetin, prevented SN loss of TH cells in 6-OHDA rat model [31]. Similar effects have also been reported using MPTP-mice following flavonoid administration [32]. Interestingly, quercetin-attenuated BDNF expression in DA cells and reversed nigrostriatal degeneration, striatal DA depletion and behavioural deficits in a transgenic-mouse PD model [33].
Antioxidant and in vitro cytogenotoxic properties of Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C.Sm. leaf extract
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
José Rafael da Silva Araujo, Juliana Vieira de Barros Arcoverde, Marília Grasielly de Farias Silva, Edson Renan Barros de Santana, Persio Alexandre da Silva, Silvany de Sousa, Neide Santos, Pedro Marcos de Almeida, Cláudia Sampaio de Andrade Lima, Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon, Rafael Jorge Santos Aracati Padilha, Marccus Alves, Ana Christina Brasileiro-Vidal
The EtOAc fraction (100–400 µg/mL) did not induce genotoxicity by the micronucleus test in human lymphocytes. However, 400 µg/mL showed moderate cytotoxicity by the MTT test, with 69.49% cell viability. Additionally, 100 and 200 µg/mL concentrations from the EtOAc fraction statistically reduced the frequency of MN. Moreover, all concentrations statistically decreased the frequency of BN when compared to the negative control. Since the number of micronuclei is a biomarker of DNA damage, the observed results indicate that the EtOAc fraction had a protective effect on human lymphocytes as noted by Gođevac et al. (2011, 2012) using methanolic extracts of blackberry and currant. Similar results were also obtained by Krstić et al. (2019) using petroleum ether extracts of Euphorbia dendroides L. and Euphorbia nicaeensis All., for the same primary cells.
An Overview of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Emphasis on Dietary Products and Herbal Remedies
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Deepa S. Mandlik, Satish K. Mandlik
Black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) because of the high anthocyanins content has been suggested to have potent anti-tumor effects. These fruits are commonly used and are considered to have good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. An in-vitro analysis using HepG2 cells discovered that the anthocyanin-rich fraction of black currant prevented cell proliferation considerably (21). Black currant skin extract (BCSE) was a superior anthocyanins source with cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside being the most prevalent. In a DEN induced HCC rat model, dietary BCSE (100 or 500 mg/kg for 22 weeks) inhibited the liver γ-glutamyl transpeptidase preneoplastic foci in a dose-dependent manner. BCSE also reduced lipid peroxidation and increased hepatic antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes as well as upregulating the expressions of heat shock proteins, 3-nitrotyrosine, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The study found that inhibiting the inflammation pathway by modifying the NF-κB cascade and suppressing oxidative stress by triggering the Nrf2 cascade can subsidize the protective activities of black currant active constituents against DEN-prompted HCC (22, 23).