China
Africa
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THE PROGRESS OF CHINESE MEDICINE IN MAINLAND CHINA
Published in Kevin Chan, Henry Lee, The Way Forward for Chinese Medicine, 2001
Kelvin Chan, Xin-Min Liu, Yong Peng, Pei-Gen Xiao, Wei-Yi Yang
The cultivating area has reached 330,000 hectares, with the yield per annum around 250,000 tons. More than 3,500 species of Chinese herbal medicines have been introduced in ten Chinese major botanical gardens. Among the 389 rare and endangered species listed in the "Chinese Red Data Book, volume 1", there are 77 typical traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, of which more than 50 species have already been introduced and acclimatized. Many important exotic species such as Panax quinquefolium, Amomum kravanh, Amomum compactum, Syzygium aromaticum, Crocus sativus, Sterculia lychnophera, Cassia acutifolia, Strychnos nux-vomica and Rauvolfia vommitoria, have already reached the farm productive level. At the same time several wild-growing medicinal plants are now being introduced and culti-vated; these included Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Fritillaria unibracteata, Buplerum chinense, Cistanche deserticola and Schisandra chinensis etc. Studies on the cultivation of the most important Chinese medicinal plants have also been carried out. For examples, Panax ginseng, P. notoginseng, Gastrodia elata, Coptis chinensis, Amomum villosum, Dendrobium nobile, Fritillaria thunbergii, Corydalis yanhusuo and Macrocarpium officinalis etc. have been attempted. The research pro-jects consist of determination of agro-technical parameters, genetic improvement and control of the main mycological and entomological pathogens.
Effects of Heshouwuyin on gene expression of the insulin/IGF signalling pathway in rat testis and spermatogenic cells
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Hongjie Wang, Boying Shan, Yulei Duan, Juan Zhu, Liping Jiang, Yang Liu, Yan Zhang, Feng Qi, Siyun Niu
Heshouwuyin contains a mixture of P. multiflorum (dried root) [heshouwu], Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma (Orobanchaceae) [roucongrong], Achyranthes bidentata B1. (Amaranthaceae) (dried root) [niuxi], Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Polyporaceae) (sclerotia) [fuling], Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. (Berberidaceae) [yinyanghuo], and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Labiatae) (dried root) [danshen] at a mass ratio of 3:2:3:2:5:3. The results of previous studies showed that the dose of 0.48 g (herb)/kg had the most significant protective effect on testicular function in aging rats (Wang et al. 2011). In this experiment, granules formulated by Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. were used. The equivalent ratios (mass ratio) of granules to herbs were as follows: P. multiflorum root 1:10, C. deserticola: 1:10, A. bidentata root: 1:5, E. brevicornu: 1:20, S. miltiorrhiza root: 1:10, and P. cocos sclerotia: 1:5. Based on the equivalent ratio of herbs to granules, the dose of the mixed granules administered to rats was 0.056 g/kg (obtained by dissolving 0.56 g of prepared Heshouwuyin granules in 0.8 mL of normal saline).
Marinoid J, a phenylglycoside from Avicennia marina fruit, ameliorates cognitive impairment in rat vascular dementia: a quantitative iTRAQ proteomic study
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Xiang-xi Yi, Jia-yi Li, Zhen-zhou Tang, Shu Jiang, Yong-hong Liu, Jia-gang Deng, Cheng-hai Gao
In China, the leaves, fruits, bark gum, and liquids of the mangrove plant, Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. (Acanthaceae), have been used in folk medicine for contraception and treatment of abscesses and diarrhoea (Shao et al. 2009). Gao et al. (2014) found that Avicennia marina contains alkaloids, aromatic lipids, phenylethanoid glycosides (PGs), and other compounds. The main components of PGs are caffeic acid, phenylethanin, and glycosyl groups. In recent years, with the increased attention on PGs, research on these compounds has rapidly progressed. Currently, approximately 200 types of PGs have been isolated from different plants, and novel PGs are continuously being discovered. Numerous studies have shown that PGs have a variety of biological activities, such as enhancing immunity and exerting antibacterial and antioxidative effects. In addition, some studies have shown that PGs can improve neurocognitive function. For example, glycosides from Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma (Orobanchaceae) have been shown to improve learning and memory in a rat model of VD and to play a critical role in protecting hippocampal neurons by decreasing tau phosphorylation and increasing the expression of collapsin response mediator protein-2 (Chen et al. 2015).
Towards a better understanding of the cannabinoid-related orphan receptors GPR3, GPR6, and GPR12
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2018
Paula Morales, Israa Isawi, Patricia H. Reggio
The phenylethanoid antioxidant tyrosol (Figure 9) was identified as a GPR12 ligand by Lin and coworkers (2008). In this study, 15 natural products, extracted after isolation of endophytic Streptomyces sp. from a root of Cistanche deserticola, were evaluated using cAMP assays in hGPR12-CHO cells. Tyrosol was the only compound that promoted a GPR12-mediated increase on intracellular cAMP levels at a concentration of 100 nM. These findings indicate that tyrosol may be considered a GPR12 ligand and a potential scaffold for the development of more potent GPR12 modulators (Lin et al. 2008).