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The seventeenth century
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
Amber, although long regarded as a stone, is a yellowish fossil resin from an extinct pine tree. Amber occurs in Tertiary deposits and often contains trapped insects. Its name is derived from the Arabic anbar, and the French ambre. The Old Latin word for the substance was electrum (elektron in Greek). When rubbed, amber develops a static charge sufficient to pick up small pieces of paper, and so amber, through electrum, gave us our name for electricity. The term for amber in ancient Greece and Rome was lyncurium or ‘lynx stone, derived from the widespread belief that amber was the solidified urine of the lynx. In mythology, amber was believed to be formed from the tears of the Heliads (the sun nymphs) who wept bitter tears for their brother, Phaethon, who came to grief while driving the chariot of his father, Helios the sun god.
Genetics and Mutants
Published in Paul Pumpens, Single-Stranded RNA Phages, 2020
The viability of the coat amber mutant-produced products was dependent on the type of amber suppression. While Su-1 (Weigert and Garen 1965) suppressor, which inserted serine residues at the amber codon position and led therefore to the glutamine → serine substitution, was valid, the Su-3 suppressor that inserted tyrosine residues and provoked glutamine → tyrosine substitution (Weigert et al. 1965) did not ensure the viable product in the coat protein mutants. Direct proof for the insertion of serine instead of glutamine by the f2 coat amber mutant in the Su-1 cells was published by Notani et al. (1965). The Su-2 suppressor did not change the amino acid residue within the amber-mutated proteins, since it inserted the same glutamine residue at the amber position, although the suppression efficiency was lower than in the case of the Su-1 and Su-3 suppressors (Weigert et al. 1965).
Natural Products and Stem Cells and Their Commercial Aspects in Cosmetics
Published in Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters, Cosmetic Formulation, 2019
Sonia Trehan, Rose Soskind, Jemima Moraes, Vinam Puri, Bozena Michniak-Kohn
Ambergris, also known as ambra, is a metabolic product from the digestive system of sperm whales that is used for its fragrance and aphrodisiac properties. It is not to be confused with tree resins known as amber that are common in the Baltic region of Europe. Due to threatened whale populations, the International Whaling Commission banned commercial whaling since 1986, though Norway and Iceland continue to have commercial whaling operations (International Whaling Commission, 2018). Possession and trade of ambergris is forbidden in the United States by the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (United States House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, 2003). Industrial synthesis methods have been developed in order to use ambergris fragrance from non-animal sources (Panten et al., 2014).
Should fast-food nutritional labelling in South Africa be mandatory?
Published in South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2022
Siphiwe N Dlamini, Gudani Mukoma, Shane A Norris
The study used the United Kingdom Traffic Light labelling system, a type of graphical labelling method that assigns green, amber or red, to rate specific nutrients (e.g. sugar, fats and salt) as low, medium or high, respectively.11 First, for all fat, sugar and salt values that were > 30% of the NRV per portion, a red colour was assigned to indicate high content. Subsequently, the criteria listed in Table 1 were used to assign the traffic-light colours to nutrients that had values ≤30% of the NRV. Fat, sugar, and salt were assigned green if the item had values less or equal to 3.0, 5.0 and 0.3 g per 100 g portions, respectively. Amber was assigned when the nutritional values per 100 g portions were in the range of > 3.0–17.5 g for fat, > 5.0–22.5 g for sugar, and > 0.3–1.5 g for salt. Red was also assigned for all nutritional values per 100 g that were above 17.5 g for fat, 22.5 g for sugar and 1.5 g for salt.
Development of a high yielding expression platform for the introduction of non-natural amino acids in protein sequences
Published in mAbs, 2020
Gargi Roy, Jason Reier, Andrew Garcia, Tom Martin, Megan Rice, Jihong Wang, Meagan Prophet, Ronald Christie, William Dall’Acqua, Sanjeev Ahuja, Michael A Bowen, Marcello Marelli
Fluorescent protein expression was quantified by flow cytometry in a total of 384 colonies. Two criteria were applied to assess the amber suppression activity. The colonies were ranked based on: 1) the ratio of the geometric means of GFP (amber suppression) to RFP (total expression) (Figure 2b), and 2) the percentage of dual positive cells (Figure 2c). Among the top 50 candidate hosts, 35 platform hosts showed reasonable growth properties and amber suppression activity. These were further screened for stable IgG expression in pool format using an IgG expression plasmid containing an amber codon in the variable domain of the heavy chain (HC) at position 44 (IgGamb), as well as encoding the light chain of the IgG, and the glutamine synthetase (GS) selection marker.77 With this construct, only cells capable of amber suppression produce a secreted antibody that can be quantified from the growth medium. While most of the hosts were amber suppression positive, based on the mRNA reporter assay, very few showed high titer IgG expression (Figure 2d). Indeed, only pools from three hosts (#27, 38 and 43) demonstrated IgG titers above 100 mg/L, and only one pool from host 43 was capable of producing titers exceeding 1 g/L. Despite the high level of amber suppression activity in this host in medium containing nnAA, no disadvantage in growth was observed in its absence, relative to the parental cell line.75 These data show that, while the fluorescent reporters are useful tools to identify amber suppressors and reduce the screen size, screening by IgG expression was critical for finding high-performance amber suppression platform hosts.
Relationship Factors in the Theater of the Imagination: Hypnosis With Children and Adolescents
Published in American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2019
Amber was referred for treatment initially because she showed signs of depression and voiced suicidal ideations. Her parents were divorced, and custody involved twice monthly visits with her father. Amber had previously lived full time with her father for several years while her mother recovered from drug addiction. Because I want to emphasize that building a relationship begins with the first encounters, I provide the following description of our first session.