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Colds/Coryza
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Zinc acetate or gluconate lozenges (13.3 mg zinc) taken every 2–3 waking hours significantly reduced the duration of the common cold by about 50%. Zinc gluconate is effective, whereas zinc picolinate, zinc citrate, and zinc aspartate are not. It is important to begin treatment at the first sign of a scratchy throat.1,2,3,4,5
Basic dermatology in children and adolescents
Published in Joseph S. Sanfilippo, Eduardo Lara-Torre, Veronica Gomez-Lobo, Sanfilippo's Textbook of Pediatric and Adolescent GynecologySecond Edition, 2019
Kalyani Marathe, Kathleen Ellison
Treatment of hidradenitis should be based on individual symptoms. Lifestyle modifications including weight loss and smoking cessation are recommended for HS patients who are overweight or current smokers. Topical antibacterial washes such as benzoyl peroxide and chlorhexidine are often recommended. Topical antibiotics such as clindamycin 1% lotion or solution are also used. Oral antibiotics, especially tetracyclines, are used to reduce inflammation. It has also been suggested that oral zinc gluconate can induce clinical improvement or remission in patients with mild to moderate HS.24 Biologic medications are now being used for the treatment of HS. Adalimumab is approved for use for moderate to severe HS in adults. Anakinra and ustekinumab are also being studied for the treatment of HS. Carbon dioxide laser treatment has also been effective. For acute, limited flares of hidradenitis or for persistent nodules, intralesional triamcinolone (5–10 mg/mL) is often used for short-term relief of symptoms. However, if infection is suspected, intralesional steroids are contraindicated.25 While incision and drainage of nodules can provide pain relief, this treatment is associated with recurrence of the lesions.26 For persistent cases, deroofing of sinus tracts or surgical excision may be necessary.22
Basic Facts about Micronutrients
Published in Kedar N. Prasad, Micronutrients in Health and Disease, 2019
Minerals (selenium and zinc): Commonly used selenium is in the form of L-selenomethionine (an organic form) and sodium selenite (an inorganic form). Selenium rich foods include Brazil nuts, lima beans, brown rice, and seeds (sunflower, sesame, and flax). Zinc compounds such as zinc picolinate, zinc gluconate, zinc acetate, and zinc oxide are utilized in the supplement. Rich food sources include oyster, crab, lobster, meat, poultry, legumes, nuts, seeds, and whole grain.
Zinc in dermatology
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Tamara Searle, Faisal R. Ali, Firas Al-Niaimi
The efficacy of zinc gluconate (90 mg/day oral preparation twice daily) combined with topical triclosan 2% in patients with HS was evaluated in a retrospective study (n = 66) (28). After three months of treatment, the modified HS score and the DLQI improved significantly (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0386), with a significant decrease in inflammatory nodules and flare-ups although fistula count was not significantly different (28). A separate retrospective case-control study of 92 HS patients investigated the efficacy of oral zinc and nicotinamide for maintenance treatment of patients with mild to moderate HS who had previously been treated with minocycline (29). At 12 and 24 weeks, there was a significant decrease in the number and length of acute flare-ups, with a significant reduction in the mean Visual Analogue Scale, DLQI and International HS Severity Score in the treatment group. In addition, these improvements were maintained upon cessation of treatment (29). Brocard and colleagues investigated the use of zinc gluconate 90 mg/day in patients with mild to moderate HS (30). All patients had reduced symptoms, with 36% experiencing disease cessation. Upon step-down dosing, patients suffered relapse of disease. Side-effects in these studies were infrequent but included diarrhea and nausea (30). Randomized double blind controlled trials are urgently required to support the use of zinc in HS.
Potential risks and benefits of zinc oxide nanoparticles: a systematic review
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2020
Zinc is an essential trace element which is responsible for the number of functions in the human body such as expression of genes, enzymatic reactions, synthesis of proteins, learning, memory, and immune functions (Kambe et al. 2015; Liu et al. 2016). It is naturally found in different types of foods such as meat, legumes, seeds, nuts, shellfish, and vegetables such as mushrooms, spinach, and broccoli and also available in the market as a dietary supplement in the form of zinc gluconate, zinc acetate (cold remedies), zinc sulfate (to reduce severity of acne), etc. The recommended daily intake (RDI) of zinc is 11 mg for adult men and 8 mg for adult women, 11 mg/day for pregnant, and 12 mg/day for breast feeding women (Roohani et al. 2013). The inadequate amount of zinc in the body could result in alteration of various normal functions. Inherent deficiency of soluble zinc-binding protein results in acrodermatitis enteropathica, characterized by rough and scaly skin, whereas excess of these essential nutrient results in various harmful effects (Lansdown 1995; Maverakis et al. 2007).
Zinc pyrithione is a potent inhibitor of PLPro and cathepsin L enzymes with ex vivo inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Jerneja Kladnik, Ana Dolinar, Jakob Kljun, David Perea, Judith Grau-Expósito, Meritxell Genescà, Marko Novinec, Maria J. Buzon, Iztok Turel
As mentioned in section “Introduction”, Zn2+ can indirectly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 targets such as ACE2 receptors, furin, RdRp, and MPro. However, it is important to address the issue of zinc bioavailability. A randomised clinical trial suggests that oral treatment with zinc gluconate alone or in combination with ascorbic acid does not significantly shorten the duration of the COVID-19 symptoms53, whereas zinc sulphate tablets may improve survival in COVID-19 patients. However, the results are not clinically applicable due to various limitations of the study54. On the other hand, an ongoing clinical trial of intravenous administration of ZnCl2 has so far confirmed its safe use and shown an increase in serum zinc levels55,56. However, oral administration of the drug is much more patient-friendly and is preferred over intravenous use. Ionophores, molecules that enable the transport of metal ions across a lipid cell membrane, increase zinc uptake and facilitate zinc absorption, thus combating COVID-1912,57–59. In a multi-centre study testing zinc sulphate and hydroxychloroquine as potential treatments, increased hospital discharge and decreased in-hospital mortality were observed60. However, hydroxychloroquine as a therapeutic against COVID-19 should be considered with great caution as it may significantly increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Similarly, a high risk of cardiac dysfunction has been reported for chloroquine61–63. Therefore, the choice of an appropriate chelating agent for zinc is of utmost importance.