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Colds/Coryza
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Zinc acetate or gluconate lozenges (13.3 mg zinc) taken every 2–3 waking hours significantly reduced the duration of the common cold by about 50%. Zinc gluconate is effective, whereas zinc picolinate, zinc citrate, and zinc aspartate are not. It is important to begin treatment at the first sign of a scratchy throat.1,2,3,4,5
Trace Minerals
Published in Luke R. Bucci, Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
Of particular interest are the effects of zinc chelates such as zinc monomethionine, zinc histidinate, zinc citrate, zinc aspartate, and zinc picolinate. These compounds appear to be zinc ligands in vivo808,809 and also improve bioavailability over zinc sulfate.822 It is believed that organic zinc salts would have less potential toxicity and less interference from and with other minerals. For example, zinc monomethionine uptake is independent of fiber intake, unlike zinc sulfate, which exhibits depressed uptake with fiber intake. An animal study compared zinc sulfate to zinc cysteamine-N-acetate during bone healing and found better results and less toxicity from the organic chelate.823 Thus, preliminary evidence indicates that organic zinc salts behave quite differently from zinc sulfate. Therapeutic trials with organic zinc chelates may offer a significant difference in results from zinc sulfate trials and are therefore worthy of further attention.
Trace Metals in Human Milk
Published in Owen M. Rennert, Wai-Yee Chan, Metabolism of Trace Metals in Man, 2017
Wai-Yee Chan, James M. Bates, Owen M. Rennert
Besides these small peptides, a number of reports have appeared concerning the identification of low molecular weight zinc-binding ligands in milk. Various attempts have been made to characterize these ligands. In 1977, Evans and Johnson first reported that prostaglandin E2 might be the zinc-binding ligand in milk.68 Subsequently, using mass spectroscopy, thin layer chromatography, and infrared spectroscopy these researchers showed that the ligand is picolinic acid, a metabolite of trypotophan.11,69 On the other hand, Lonnerdal et al.70 reported that the low molecular weight zinc-binding ligand is citrate rather than picolinate. These investigators employed infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in their characterization of the ligand. The identity of the zinc-binding ligand as citrate has also been suggested by Martin et al.71 Besides these observations, Cousins and Smith72 reported that the zinc-binding ligand of human milk is a heterogeneous group of compounds, each with its own zinc-binding characteristics. The association of zinc with low molecular weight components of milk relates in part to both protein content and composition and the relative zinc concentration. More recently Holt,73 based upon calculation of the ionic equilibria of different cation-anion binding in the milk ultrafiltrate, suggested that the concentrations of both zinc picolinate and zinc citrate are negligible. These controversial observations about the nature of the low molecular zinc-binding ligands in human breast milk are far from settled.74-80 Further experiments are required to clarify this controversy.
A Dual Zinc plus Arginine formulation attenuates the pathogenic properties of Porphyromonas gingivalis and protects gingival keratinocyte barrier function in an in vitro model
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2020
Amel Ben Lagha, Ying Yang, Harsh M. Trivedi, James G. Masters, Daniel Grenier
Zinc oxide and zinc citrate trihydrate were obtained from U.S. Zinc (Houston, TX, USA) and Jost Chemical (St. Louis, MO, USA), respectively. L-arginine (free form) was purchased from Ajinomoto (Tokyo, Japan). A mixture containing 0.96% zinc (zinc oxide, zinc citrate) and 1.5% arginine was freshly prepared in sterile distilled water and is referred to as the Dual Zinc plus Arginine aqueous solution. Unless indicated otherwise, the Dual Zinc plus Arginine aqueous solution was used at dilutions of 1/500, 1/1000, and 1/2000 (v/v). A dentifrice containing 0.96% zinc (zinc oxide, zinc citrate), 1.5% arginine, and 1450 ppm fluoride as sodium fluoride in a silica base marketed by Colgate-Palmolive Co. (Toronto, Canada) as Colgate Total toothpaste formula was also used. A zinc- and arginine-free control fluoride dentifrice was also tested. Unless indicated otherwise, the Dual Zinc plus Arginine dentifrice and control fluoride dentifrice were used at dilutions of 1/500, 1/1000, and 1/2000 (w/v). At the dilutions used, the amounts of zinc and arginine in the Dual Zinc plus Arginine aqueous solution and the Dual Zinc plus Arginine dentifrice were comparable. The pH of the aqueous solution was 10, while that of the dentifrice was 8.2; however, at the dilutions used, the buffer capacity of the culture tissue medium and the assay solutions brings the final pH at around 7.2. When the Dual Zinc plus Arginine aqueous solution and dentifrice were inoculated onto Todd-Hewitt agar plates (THA; Becton, Dickinson and Company, Sparks, MD, USA), no microbial contamination was observed (data not shown).
Evidence-based vitamin supplements for age-related macular degeneration: an analysis of available products
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2022
Ye Li, Nick Andrew, Benjamin R LaHood
The quality of ingredients varied between the various brands, particularly in zinc and copper. Zinc oxide and cupric oxide were the compounds used in the AREDS 2 recipe.5 Studies regarding the absorption of zinc in young adult populations have shown that zinc citrate is comparable to that of zinc gluconate and zinc oxide in the young adult population, which may waive the significance of this variation.13 The use of various forms of copper compounds in nutritional supplements and their bioavailability has not been well studied.