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Nanosuspensions as Nanomedicine: Current Status and Future Prospects
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Sanjay Kumar Bharti, Medicinal Chemistry with Pharmaceutical Product Development, 2019
Shobha Ubgade, Vaishali Kilor, Abhay Ittadwar, Alok Ubgade
Apart from these, D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), polyethylene glycols (PEGs), polyvinyl alcohols (PVAs) have also been used as stabilizers [70]. However, the nanosuspensions are not stabilized permanently by these stabilizers and aggregation may occur during storage or when nanosuspensions are being dried. Furthermore, some of the common stabilizers raise toxicity concerns if used in large quantity for a long-term, limiting the therapeutic application of drug nanosuspensions [4, 71–74]. For example, Cremophor® EL and Tween–80 are two commercial surfactants that are widely used to solubilize poorly water-soluble drugs, but they also cause serious neuro-and nephrotoxicity as well as acute hypersensitivity reaction [75, 76]. Thus, there remains to be a demand to find new stabilizers with better stabilizing capacity and less toxicity. Food biopolymers, especially food proteins, are widely used in formulated foods because they have high nutritional values and are generally recognized as safe [77, 78]. The proteins include soybean protein isolate (SPI), whey protein isolate (WPI), β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), etc. (Table 4.1). The drug-to-stabilizer ratio in the formulation may vary from 1:20 to 20:1 and should be investigated in specific case(s). Lecithin is the stabilizer of choice if one intends to develop a parenteral nanosuspension [22].
Role of Nutraceuticals in Prevention of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Plant- and Marine-Based Phytochemicals for Human Health, 2018
Health implications of whey protein isolate could be seen in improving the different biomarkers of fatty liver and type 2 diabetes. Mice treated with whey protein isolate showed significant reduction in liver fats. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were further improved by whey protein isolate; thereby, it maybe effective in slowing the progression of fatty liver as well as type 2 diabetes.76 It has also been reported that liver function was improved in NASH patients on treatment with soy protein through reducing blood and liver lipids, improving insulin sensitivity and elevating antioxidant capacity.85
Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Following Ingestion of Soy Protein Isolate at Rest and After Resistance Exercise in Elderly Men
Published in Chad Cox, Clinical Nutrition and Aging, 2017
Yifan Yang, Tyler A. Churchward-Venne, Nicholas A. Burd, Leigh Breen, Mark A. Tarnopolsky, Stuart M. Phillips
Knowledge of the capacity of proteins from different sources to stimulate MPS in the elderly is warranted in view of the importance of preserving skeletal muscle mass in ageing. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine the effects of different doses (20 g and 40 g) of soy protein isolate on MPS at rest and following the potent anabolic condition of resistance exercise in elderly men, and compare these findings to our previous work examining the effects of graded intakes of whey protein isolate on MPS in the elderly [6].
Impact of Dietary Counseling on Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Cancer Awaiting Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Popi Kasvis, Antonio Vigano, Tram Bui, Franco Carli, Robert D. Kilgour
All patients met with an RD once during the study period; at the baseline appointment for the prehab group, and the preop appointment for the rehab group. The RD determined protein requirements for each patient based on baseline weight. The intervention aimed to achieve a protein intake of 1.5 g/kg/day, based on recommendations for both surgery (23) and cancer (5). The RD calculated protein requirements utilizing 1) current body weight in patients with under/normal weight, 2) the BMI midpoint (22 kg/m2) in patients with overweight or obesity. The RD estimated protein intake at baseline, based on the 3-day food diary completed by each patient. The RD subtracted calculated protein needs from estimated protein intake to determine protein deficit. Once the protein deficit was known, the RD then made individualized dietary recommendations based on preferences and tolerance and provided a whey protein isolate supplement (Immunocal, Immunotech, Vaudreuil-Dorion, QC) to achieve the protein target. Patients were encouraged to use the whey protein isolate after resistance exercise to provide substrate promoting muscle protein synthesis (24). The RD also provided counseling to patients experiencing weight loss to achieve adequate energy intake. Estimated energy requirements were calculated using 25 kcal/kg current body weight in patients with overweight/obesity, and 30 kcal/kg current body weight in under/normal weight patients (25). Finally, the RD provided dietary advice to alleviate nutrition impact symptoms.
A Randomized Controlled Pilot Exercise and Protein Effectiveness Supplementation Study (EXPRESS) on Reducing Frailty Risk in Community-Dwelling Older People
Published in Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2021
Agathe Daria Jadczak, Renuka Visvanathan, Robert Barnard, Natalie Luscombe-Marsh
Participant retention is often cited as another issue affecting the quality of studies. In our research we found that whilst the interventions were safe, there were tolerability issues related to the nutritional supplementation; this is something that we46 and other groups47 had noted previously when using commercial products.46,47 Difficulty ingesting the protein drinks, and tolerability of the drinks once consumed resulted in early withdrawals from this study. Therefore, sample size estimation for future studies of this nature should allow for a dropout rate of ∼25%. Those that remained in the study reported high compliance with both types of protein supplements (i.e., 90.3%), which conforms to findings from other studies that investigated the effects of dairy proteins. For example, Fielding et al.,47 as well as Collins et al.,48 also reported high compliance to twice daily 20 g supplements of whey protein in combination with resistance-based exercise despite undesirable gastrointestinal effects. Lactose intolerance is often cited as the cause of gastrointestinal issues in response to dairy. However, the whey protein isolate used in this study had negligible lactose, and known lactose intolerance was an exclusion criterion. Since whey has been demonstrated to empty from the stomach more rapidly than other proteins,49 it is plausible that rapid gastric emptying caused the bloating, nausea and diarrhea experienced by some participants in this study; these are all symptoms of idiopathic accelerated gastric emptying.50
Application of encapsulated natural bioactive compounds from red pepper waste in yogurt
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2019
Vanja Šeregelj, Vesna Tumbas Šaponjac, Steva Lević, Ana Kalušević, Gordana Ćetković, Jasna Čanadanović-Brunet, Viktor Nedović, Slađana Stajčić, Jelena Vulić, Ana Vidaković
Among the wide range of carrier materials, whey protein isolate has been applied in this study for significant commercial potential as a by-product of cheese production, with superior gelling and emulsification properties, rich in β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin. Furthermore, it is a suitable vehicle for different bioactive compounds based on sustained antioxidative activity throughout simulated digestion models (Tumbas Šaponjac et al.2016). Additionally, the use of this material may represent an additional improvement in the nutritional value of the final product. Thus, encapsulated extract of pepper waste could be used in the food industry as a colourant in the production of dairy and meat products, potato chips, popcorn, salads, mayonnaise, soups, sauces, jams, beverages and bakery additives, but feed, as well (Rascón et al.2011).