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Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Rapeseed oil is the oil extracted from the seed of rape or colza or canola that is the Brassica genus of the Cruciferae family (broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower). Rapeseed is intended for the production of culinary oils and biodiesel. The byproduct of oil production is rich in protein and is used as animal feeds. Rapeseed oil is lower in saturates (6.6 g/100 g) than all other vegetable oils, high in mono-unsaturated fatty acids (59.3 g/100 g), and has a high ALA (9.6 g/100 g) and lower LA (19.7 g/100 g) content compared to other vegetable oils (273). It therefore provides a good balance of omega-3 to omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, rapeseed oils produced from the cultivars of Brassica napus or Crambe abyssinica are rich in erucic acid (55–60%) which is toxic to cardiac muscles (273–275). In addition, rapeseed oils contain glucosinolates, which interfere with the uptake of iodine by the thyroid gland in animals (273). Rapeseed is cheap; therefore, it is used to produce biodiesel. Rapeseed oil is commonly used as a cooking oil, in pan frying and salad dressings.
Preschool children: 1–4 years
Published in Judy More, Infant, Child and Adolescent Nutrition, 2021
These can be used sparingly in food preparation. Using rapeseed oil in cooking provides a better source of short chain omega 3 fats than other oils. Olive and soya oils provide some omega 3 but peanut, corn, sunflower and safflower have virtually no omega 3 content. Butter is a less processed food than fat spreads.
Chemistry of Essential Oils
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Figure 6.29 shows some of the plant-derived feedstocks used in the synthesis of lipids and polyketides (Sell, 2006). Rapeseed oil provides erucic acid (173) that can be ozonolyzed to give brassylic acid (174) and heptanal (175), both useful building blocks. The latter can also be obtained, together with undecylenic acid (176), by pyrolysis of ricinoleic acid (177) that is available from castor oil. Treatment of undecylenic acid (176) with acid leads to movement of the double bond along the chain and eventual cyclization to give γ-undecalactone (178), which has been found in narcissus oils. Aldol condensation of heptanal (175) with cyclopentanone, followed by Baeyer–Villiger oxidation, gives δ-dodecalactone (179), identified in the headspace of tuberose. Such aldol reactions, followed by appropriate further conversions, are important in the commercial production of analogues of methyl jasmonate (26) and jasmone (27).
Comparing of the effects of sesame oil and rapeseed oil versus suet oil and animal butter on the reproductive system of male rats
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2022
Behrooz Yahyaei, Miromid Safari
Suet oil is categorized in the animal oils and popular in the Middle East and Africa. Sesame oil is mostly composed of unsaturated fatty acids with one or several unsaturated bonds (43.3% and 41.1%, respectively), oleic fatty acids (39.09%), linoleic (40.39%) and lignin, which has lots of phytosterol effects (10). Rapeseed oil is the second most important oil in the world after Soy Oil. This oil has lots of PUFAs. Rapeseed also contains tocopherol (100–115.9 milligrams/10 gram), phytosterol (459–500 milligrams/100gram), polyphenol (0–7.148 milligrams/100 grams) and other nutrients (11). According to the increasing rate of infertility among men and lack of enough molecular evidences about the effects of various diets on male fertility, this study aimed to determine the effect of rapeseed and sesame oil, in comparison with the animal butter and suet oil, on the reproductive system and sperm quality of male rats.
A review on neuropharmacological role of erucic acid: an omega-9 fatty acid from edible oils
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
J. B. Senthil Kumar, Bhawna Sharma
The actual toxicity reports of EA toxicity dates back in 1970, when rapeseed oil right about acid containing 49% of EA fed rats causes rapid and severe fat infiltration of the myocardium as indicated by the change in heart tissue sections colour in to pale and cream [88]. The same observations were obtained when trierucin was fed in to rats. These studies had led to the pavement of the EA toxicity on heart muscle by various other investigators [88]. Consequently, it has drawn the attention of scientific community and regulatory agencies worldwide. In order to protect the public health, various countries clearly defines the permissible EA contents in food and animal product. Consumption of oils rich in EA has been connected with the onset of myocardial lipidosis and heart lesions in test animals. Therefore, EA content in edible oils was restricted to certain levels globally by various regulatory agencies [101]. For example, EA is considered as natural toxicant by the joint Food Standards Code of Australia and New Zealand and 20 g/kg (2%) was set as the maximum levels in edible oils [102]. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) published a risk assessment of EA in 2016, establishing a tolerable daily intake for humans of 7 mg kg−1 body weight per day [103]. However, in countries like India still high EA content mustard oil is used due to its suitability for Indian cooking style. In fact epidemiologic studies among Indians do suggest that mustard oil consumption can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease [82].
Pulmonary drug delivery with aerogels: engineering of alginate and alginate–hyaluronic acid microspheres
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2021
Tamara Athamneh, Adil Amin, Edit Benke, Rita Ambrus, Pavel Gurikov, Irina Smirnova, Claudia S. Leopold
Sodium Alginate (Alg) (MW 100 –200 kD and viscosity of 1% solution in water is 15–25 cps) and Naproxen (CAS: 22204-52-1) were supplied by Sigma Aldrich, Germany. Hyaluronic acid (HA) sodium salt (Glucuronic acid approximately 50%, pH (0.1% solution): 6–7.5) of cosmetic grade was purchased from China Xi’an Trend, China. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was supplied by Magnesia, Germany. Ethanol (purity: 99.8%) and glacial acetic acid (purity: 100%) were provided by Carl Roth, Germany. Span® 80 was obtained from Merck. Carbon dioxide (purity: ≥ 99.5%) was supplied by Praxair, Germany. Rapeseed oil was purchased from Henry Lamotte Oils, Germany. Phosphate buffer tablets were purchased from Th. Geyer, Germany.