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Antiprotozoal Effects of Wild Plants
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Muhammad Subbayyal Akram, Rao Zahid Abbas, José L. Martinez
Many Piper species are traditionally used for the treatment of parasitic disease. They are mostly found in the forests of Africa, Latin America, and Asia. These are some plants from the genus Piper, which are proven to be effective against Trypanasoma cruzi. Pepper hooked (Gutiérrez et al. 2016), leaves of Piper cubeba (Esperandim et al. 2013), Piper jericoense (Hamedt et al. 2014) and Piper regnellii (Figure 7.5) are one of them. These species of Piper commonly have a compound named eupomatenoid-5 which shows it’s an action against T. cruzi. The fractionation of eupomatenoid-5 is performed from ethyl-acetate crude extract by using dry leaves of the plant (Luize et al. 2006). After fractionation of eupomatenoid-5, its purification and identification can be done by absorption-chromatographic methods and UV spectral analyses, respectively (Chauret et al. 1996). Eupomatenoid-7 causes alteration of ultra-structures, dysfunction, depolarization and oxidative damage of T. cruzi mitochondria and cell membrane, and lipoperoxidation leads to the death of parasite by using a dose of EC50 40.5 mM (Pelizzaro-Rocha et al. 2011).
The Arab influence
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
Cubebs (cubebae fructus) are the dried, unripe, nearly full-grown fruits of Piper cubeba, a climbing pepper shrub, found in Java and Sumatra. The name ‘cubeb’ came from the Arabic kababah and French cubebe. It is thought that the plant was introduced into Europe by the Arabs who used the fruit as a pepper. Cubebs are extensively grown in coffee plantations where they are well shaded and supported by the coffee trees.
Natural Products as Economical Agents for Antioxidant Activity
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Masood Sadiq Butt, Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants, 2019
Nida Nazar, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain, Syed Makhdoom Hussain, Poonam Singh Nigam
Lot of research has been performed to study the antioxidant activity of phytochemicals as shown in Table 8.1. The antioxidant activities in different extracts of Piper cubeba of family Piperaceae28 has been studied in different fractions of the extract of plant Stachys schtschegleevi of family Lamiaceae.2,68 Natural antioxidants can be found in many different kind of edible plants, mainly in plant-derived foods such as vegetables and fruits. Especially the vegetables and fruits, which are bright in color, are high in antioxidants.24,58
Mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P450 enzymes by natural products based on metabolic activation
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2020
Tingting Zhang, Jinqiu Rao, Wei Li, Kai Wang, Feng Qiu
Piper cubeba, belonging to the family Piperaceae, is one of the popular medicinal plants extensively used as a spice in many countries and regions, including Indonesia, India, Europe in the Middle Ages, and Morocco (Usia et al. 2005). By using ethyl acetate to extract P. cubeba, a total of five methylenedioxyphenyl lignans, (–)-clusin (1), (–)-dihydroclusin (2), (–)-yatein (3), (–)-hinokinin (4) and (–)-dihydrocubebin (5), were obtained. It was speculated that these five methylenedioxyphenyl lignans would be mechanism-based inhibitors of CYP3A4 (Table 3). By using [N-methyl-14C] erythromycin as a substrate, all five methylenedioxyphenyl lignans inhibited CYP3A4 in a time-, concentration-, and NADPH-dependent manner. These components irreversibly inhibited CYP3A4 by forming MICs. Compared with compounds 4 and 5, compounds 1, 2 and 3 had lower Ki values (Table 3) and showed stronger inhibitory effects on CYP3A4, possibly because the trimethoxyphenyl and methylenedioxyphenyl groups in their structures were more capable of forming MICs.
A systematic review of the efficacy of alternative medicine in the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2020
Fahimeh Khorasani, Hossein Aryan, Abousaleh Sobhi, Reihaneh Aryan, Arefeh Abavi-Sani, Masumeh Ghazanfarpour, Masumeh Saeidi, Fatemeh Rajab Dizavandi
The search was undertaken by two separate reviewers on PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases since inception until January 14, 2019 to investigate the effects of herbal medicines on NVD, using keywords such as (Pregnant OR pregnancy) AND (emesis OR anti-emetic OR Nausea OR vomit OR morning sickness), AND (Complementary treatments OR alternative treatments OR phytomedicine, herbal treatments, zingiber officinale OR Ginger OR Citrus lemon OR lemon OR Matricaria chamomilla OR Citrus medica L OR alternative medicine OR complementary medicine OR Citron OR Cydonia oblonga mill OR Quince OR Elletaria cardamomum OR Cardamom OR, Mentha spicata L. OR Spearmint OR, Mentha piperta L OR Mint OR Myristica fragrans Houtt OR Nutmeg OR Pistacia lentiscus Linn OR Mastic, Punica granatum L OR Pomegranate OR Malus domestica Borkh OR Apple OR Piper cubeba) . The researchers reviewed all abstracts and then the full-texts of relevant articles were found. Any disagreement was resolved by a third party.
Mechanistic studies on the drug metabolism and toxicity originating from cytochromes P450
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2020
Chaitanya K. Jaladanki, Anuj Gahlawat, Gajanan Rathod, Hardeep Sandhu, Kousar Jahan, Prasad V. Bharatam
Quasi-Irreversible Inhibitors: The compounds carrying methylenedioxyphenyl or 1,3-benzdioxole function groups can lead to CYP450 inactivation via Metabolic Intermediate (MI) complex formation. A few examples of this category are paroxetine (antidepressant), methylenedioxymethamphetamine (psychoactive drug), lignans of Piper cubeba (Usia et al. 2006). The mechanism of CYP450 inhibition activity remains the same, involving a reactive carbene intermediate that coordinates with the heme-iron resulting in the formation of an MI complex (Scheme 1) (Taxak, Patel, et al. 2013).