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Treatments and Challenges
Published in Franklyn De Silva, Jane Alcorn, The Elusive Road Towards Effective Cancer Prevention and Treatment, 2023
Franklyn De Silva, Jane Alcorn
Nutraceuticals have engendered interest in the cancer field as a result of their multitargeted properties, relative safety, availability, and reduced cost relative to pharmaceuticals [1312, 1317]. The term, nutraceutical (“nutrition” and “pharmaceutical”), was coined in 1989 by Stephen DeFelice and refers to any entity that provides physiological benefit and/or protection against disease that is a food or part of food [1312, 1317]. This term has been used to refer to dietary supplements, herbal products, specific diets, and processed foods that are nonnutritional and used as medicine [1318]. It has been suggested that nutraceuticals may help prevent chronic diseases, improve health, improve life expectancy, delay the aging process, and help body structure and function [1318]. They may also help to prevent or treat cancer [7, 1034, 1318].
Food Types, Dietary Supplements, and Roles
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Historically, the type of food consumed by humans since antiquity was wild foods obtained by hunting and gathering. They then discovered the techniques of cultivation for plants and of farming for animals; this type of food is now known as natural foods. In the market nowadays, there are different food types such as natural foods, organic foods, industrial foods, functional foods, genetically modified foods, and fast foods. Moreover, there are different products obtained from food either by extraction or by biological or chemical synthesis; they are named dietary supplements and nutraceuticals. They are not considered a food or a drug, but they are classified as a complement of food. They are presented in drug forms such as capsule, tablet, liquid, or powder for oral use only. Therefore, dietary supplements and nutraceuticals can be sold over the counter. Recently, some new types of foods appear in the market such as alkaline diet and alkaline water. They are invented by some manufacturers who claim that the alkalinity of a food or a drink may protect the body against certain chronic diseases. Other types of foods named nano-foods are now prepared by nanotechnology for their long storage and preservation and also for enhancing the bioavailability and efficacy of their nutrients (antioxidants, phytonutrients).
Granulation of Plant Products and Nutraceuticals
Published in Dilip M. Parikh, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, 2021
In the last decades, the number of research papers and debate about the potential use of nutraceuticals and food supplements has grown exponentially [4A]. Examples of nutraceuticals widely used nowadays are the polyvitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, carotenoids, and polyphenols (anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavanones, isoflavones, and ellagic acid). Another category of nutraceuticals that are quickly growing in the past two decades is the “Probiotics.” The oral delivery of probiotics is hampered by the low instability of the bacteria in the Gastro Intestinal Tract and consequent loss of viability under the effect of high acidity and bile salt concentrations. The problem of oral delivery of the nutraceuticals at an acceptable bioavailability has been tackled by formulators with various degrees of success. For probiotics delivery, the bacteria could be immobilized into a polymer matrix, which is a kind of enteric system that remains intact in the stomach but degrades and dissolves in the intestine. The advent of nanotechnology for pharmaceutical applications has opened a new avenue for stability, solubility, and/or permeability enhancement of problematic nutraceuticals [6–9].
Almond intake during pregnancy in rats improved the cognitive performance of adult male offspring
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Zahra Bahaeddin, Fariba Khodagholi, Forough Foolad, Fatemeh Emadi, Fatemeh Alijaniha, Shima Zareh Shahamati, Romina Tavassoli Yousef Abadi, Mohsen Naseri
In recent years, nutraceuticals have received much attention due to their immune, nutritional, and therapeutic effects to promote health and prevent disease [29]. On the other hand, diet is one of the most important factors related to lifestyle in determining the health status and predisposing children to several diseases. Various studies have pointed out the positive and negative long-term effects of prenatal diet on adolescents’ and adulthood health status [30–32]. Also, the impact of maternal diet on the permanent changes of offspring’s CNS has been evidenced [33]. However, the effect of maternal dietary supplementation with nuts as a rich source of vitamins, minerals, fibers, nutrients, and non-nutrients in offspring has not been well studied. We have observed that almond consumption during pregnancy has long-term effects on adult male offspring and causes molecular changes. Almonds are composed of several ingredients including macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein, fat), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), phytochemicals, and essential oils [34]. Almonds are a rich source of amino acids like tryptophan [35], vitamins and minerals including a variety of B and E vitamins [36], and polyphenols and phytosterols [37]. Interestingly, studies have shown that all active compounds of almonds can cross the placenta and affect the development of fetus organs [38].
The effectiveness of coenzyme Q10, vitamin E, inositols, and vitamin D in improving the endocrine and metabolic profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a network Meta-analysis
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2021
Jiaqi Zhang, Chuan Xing, Han Zhao, Bing He
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial disorder involving both endocrine and reproductive systems of women, affecting 6–10% women of reproductive age [1,2]. Insulin resistance has been recognized as a key contributor to the disease since patients with PCOS are at increased risk for the development of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases [3–6]. Currently, certain nutraceuticals such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), vitamin E, vitamin D, inositols, in particular myo-inositol (MI) and D-chiro-inositol (DCI), have received preponderance of the attention owing to their potential benefits in improving insulin resistance and further ameliorating the endocrine and metabolic disorders for PCOS management [7–12]. Moreover, there are few reports available on the adverse effects of these nutraceuticals. Though five meta-analysis [13–17] have been performed on the endocrine and metabolic profiles of patients with PCOS provided with inositols or vitamin D as compared to placebo, since the small sample size and differ inclusion criteria, lessons from the previous studies are not consistent on some important indicators. Hence, we performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the effects of the nutritional agents involving CoQ10, vitamin E (alone and in combination), inositols, and vitamin D on endocrine and metabolic parameters in women with PCOS and to provide evidence-based outcomes for the treatment of PCOS.
Nutraceuticals-based therapeutic approach: recent advances to combat pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021
Marjan Talebi, Eleni Kakouri, Mohsen Talebi, Petros A. Tarantilis, Tahereh Farkhondeh, Selen İlgün, Ali Mohammad Pourbagher-Shahri, Saeed Samarghandian
Advances in fundamentals and molecular diagnostics have provided unique feasibilities for drug development. A plethora of scientific data exists regarding the impact of nutraceuticals on Alzheimer’s disease. Figure 1 indicates the molecular mechanism involved in nutraceuticals protective effects against AD pathogenesis. Many alternatives exist which help in preventing and ameliorating several pathological parameters associated with the disease itself. Compared with current therapeutic approaches, nutraceuticals may consist of a new strategy to adopt since severe side effects and lower therapy costs are only two of their advantages. However, certainly more studies and clinical trials are needed to assure their efficacy and effectiveness as well. Development of multitarget neuroprotective nutraceuticals designed by linking suitable spacers or fusing and amalgaming the key pharmacophoric functions can lead to potential drugs for Alzheimer’s disease.