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Cosmetic-Medical Treatments
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
M. Lourdes Mourelle, B. N. Díaz
Clays have antiphlogistic properties and have been used in therapy since time immemorial. The best-known clays are bentonites, a type of smectite, and kaolin, a kaolinite compound. Kaolin can be applied to skin lesions, with calming effects, as long as it is kept moist, applying a gauze moistened in thermal water interposed between the affected area and the clay plaster. Otherwise, drying is more difficult to remove and can cause discomfort. Green clay from France (Montmorillonite) is also used for its calming and bactericidal properties; in fact, there are experiences in thermal centers where a decrease in skin irritation caused by chemotherapy treatments has been observed, although more studies are needed to confirm these first impressions. For use in caring for cancer patients, these must be of high purity, with the guarantee that they do not have heavy metals that can be harmful [45].
Etiology of Geophagia
Published in Anil Gupta, Geophagia, 2019
Regarding the time period of clay consumption in pregnancy, Hunter (1984) mentioned that clays were consumed in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy and, in some cases, they were eaten over all periods of pregnancy. Hunter (1984) further documented the nature of clays eaten by women. More often, clays like kaolin and montmorillonite (soft clay with medicinal properties to heal skin problems) (Saary et al. 2005) had been used in geophagia by pregnant women. Hunter (1984) reported the intake of 30 to 50 g of clays per day.
Rheological Additives
Published in Laba Dennis, Rheological Proper ties of Cosmetics and Toiletries, 2017
R. T. Vanderbilt Veegum HS—purified bentonite NF-grade, flake, good electrolyte stability.Montmorillonite
Physicochemical properties and micro-interaction between micro-nanoparticles and anterior corneal multilayer biological interface film for improving drug delivery efficacy: the transformation of tear film turnover mode
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Huamei Li, Fuda Dai, Hanyu Liu, Qi Tao, Jie Hu, Yangrong Zhang, Zhenping Xiao, Ilva D. Rupenthal, Huihui Li, Fan Yang, Wei Li, Huaqing Lin, Dongzhi Hou
Montmorillonite (MT) is an inorganic clay mineral with a three-layer flake structure, with the upper and lower layers being a silicon-oxygen tetrahedron, and the middle layer being an aluminum octahedron, which facilitates ion exchange between the layers (Ertem et al., 2010; Baek et al., 2012; Sandri et al., 2014; Park et al., 2016). Compared with other types of clay minerals, MT has the largest cation exchange capacity, specific surface area, and initial layer spacing (Bera et al., 2019; Zhu et al., 2021). Its unique layered structure enables it to insert drug molecules through electrostatic interactions and control drugs release by ion exchange with other ions present in biological fluids (Radmanesh et al., 2019; Xu et al., 2020). In this study, the water-soluble drug betaxolol hydrochloride (BHC) was loaded into the interlayer of MT by ion-exchange with the complex (MT-BHC) further incorporated into MPs and SLNs.
Microneedles for transdermal drug delivery using clay-based composites
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Farzaneh Sabbagh, Beom Soo Kim
Microneedles are known as useful tools for transdermal injection and delivery of cosmetics, drugs, and vaccines [50,51]. Pharmaceutical molecules pass through the skin layers in two stages of penetration and diffusion. The penetration step involves passage through the stratum corneum; the diffusion step proceeds to deeper tissues [52,53]. Some influencing factors, such as ionic strength, drug particle size, hydrogen bonding, and physicochemical properties can affect the transport rate and concentration of drugs [54,55]. The use of clay in the microneedle structure improves the bioavailability of the drug and the stiffness of the needle. By increasing the bioavailability of drugs, it is possible to increase resistance to degradation and extend the effectiveness of drugs in target tissues [56]. According to a recent study, the addition of 3 wt% clay led to the best possible improvement of microneedle mechanical properties [57]. When the clay concentration was increased to 5 wt%, the extra clay layer clustered, and microneedle mechanical properties decreased. Clay minerals are classified into three-layer types according to the arrangement and number of octahedral and tetrahedral sheets in their basic structures. Clays themselves can be classified into illite, chlorite, kaolinite, smectic (montmorillonite), halloysite, and vermiculite. Montmorillonite is the most important clay because of its high water absorption, high aspect surface area and ratio, good swelling capacity, remarkable intercalation properties, and high adsorption of heavy metals and organic molecules due to the natural inorganic layered nanostructure [58].
Prevention and Detoxification of Mycotoxins in Human Food and Animal Feed using Bio-resources from South Mediterranean Countries: a Critical Review
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2023
Amina Aloui, Jalila Ben Salah-Abbès, Abdellah Zinedine, Amar Riba, Noel Durand, Jean Christophe Meile, Didier Montet, Catherine Brabet, Samir Abbès
According to Abdel-Wahhab et al. (2005), HSCAS and Egyptian montmorillonite were effective in reducing the clastogenic effect of sterigmatocystin. In the same field, Abbès et al. (2008) demonstrated the protective role of Tunisian montmorillonite (TM) against AFs toxicity, due to the ability of this mineral clay to bind this toxin in vitro or in the gastrointestinal tract and reduce its biochemical and immunological toxicity. Abbès et al. (2010) suggested that the addition of 5 g kg−1 of montmorillonite or HSCAS to the AF-contaminated diet contributed to a significant improvement of the biochemical, haematological and immunological parameters, as well as in the retention of minerals.