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Tube Feedings Formulas and Methods
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
The protein sources for polymeric formulas include casein salts (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium caseinates), soy protein isolate, whey protein concentrate, lactalbumin and milk protein concentrate. The carbohydrate sources include corn syrup solids, hydrolyzed corn starch, maltodextrin, sucrose, fructose and sugar alcohols. The fats used in polymeric formulas include oils derived from such sources as (alphabetically): borage, canola, coconut, corn, fish, palm kernel, safflower, soybean and sunflower (Lefton, Esper, and Kochevar 2017).
Miconazole
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
The FDA recently approved dissolvable miconazole buccal tablets (50-mg buccal tablets) for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis. Of note, miconazole buccal tablets contain milk protein concentrate (Package Insert, 2010). Miconazole buccal tablets should be applied to the upper gum region once daily for 14 days with patients holding the tablets in place by applying pressure over their upper lip for about 30 seconds, so that they can attach and slowly dissolve. Patients can eat and drink once the tablet has been safely applied (Vazquez and Sobel, 2012).
Naringin-loaded polymeric micelles as buccal tablets: formulation, characterization, in vitro release, cytotoxicity and histopathology studies
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2020
Huihui Fan, Peipei Zhang, Li Zhou, Fei Mo, Zhen Jin, Jia Ma, Rong Lin, Ying Liu, Jiye Zhang
Naringin (95% purity) was purchased from Shaanxi Jiahe Phytochem Co. Ltd. (Shaanxi, China). MPEG-PCL (molecular weight: 2k–2k, structure was shown in Figure 1(B)) was synthesized in our laboratory. 85% milk protein concentrate (MPC85, food grade) was purchased from Beijing Hexinxingtong Trade Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China). Other excipients like hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose K4M (HPMC K4M), starch, anhydrous lactose, magnesium stearate, talc, mannitol, were drug grade and purchased from Xi’an Yuelai Medical Technology Co. Ltd. (Shaanxi, China). Minimum essential medium (MEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from GibcoTM, Thermo Fisher Scientific (China) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China). 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Solarbio Biological Technology Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China). Other chemicals like acetone, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were analytical pure or chromatographically pure.
Drug development and acute gastrointestinal infections
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2018
Hania Szajewska, Maciej Kołodziej, Jan Łukasik
MFGM are a natural component of human milk, known to possess antimicrobial activities [17]. The addition of bovine MFGM is now technically feasible. A 2016 double-blind RCT assessed 58 healthy adults challenged with a diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (E. coli), which transiently induced mild symptoms of a food-borne infection. MFGM significantly decreased the diarrheagenic E. coli-induced changes in reported stool frequency and gastrointestinal complaints at day 2 after the challenge. However, compared with the placebo, the administration of milk protein concentrate rich in MFGM did not significantly affect fecal wet weight and fecal diarrheagenic E. coli excretion (the primary outcomes) [18].
The probiotic Bacillus subtilis BS50 decreases gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Sean M. Garvey, Eunice Mah, Traci M. Blonquist, Valerie N. Kaden, Jessica L. Spears
Although the exact mechanism by which BS50 improved GI symptoms remains unknown, it is likely dependent on the transition of BS50 spores to vegetative cells in the stomach and small intestine. Bacillaceae spores, including B. subtilis, have previously been detected in human fecal and ileal biopsy samples in numerous studies, suggesting that spores naturally occur and germinate in the human intestine.52–55 Additionally, Colom et al. generated compelling in vivo evidence that oral administration of B. inaquosorum DE111 spores to ileostomy patients yields spore germination and vegetative bacterial cells across 8 hours of postprandial ileal effluent sampling.16 Vegetative BS50 has been shown to secrete digestive enzymes in vitro (Supplemental Table S6). Taken together, BS50 may germinate in the intestine and secrete enzymes that help digest food and improve nutrient absorption, theoretically leading to less fermentation and gas production in the lower intestine. Consistent with this hypothesis, the postprandial plasma concentration of several amino acids was elevated following consumption of pea protein with a 10 × 109 CFU dose of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei in an acute aminoacidemia trial following 2 weeks of daily supplementation, compared to the maltodextrin placebo.56 Similarly, a 1 × 109 CFU dose of W. coagulans GBI-30, 6086 with milk protein concentrate daily for 2 weeks increased postprandial plasma amino acid concentrations compared to milk protein concentrate alone.40 Separately, 2 × 109 CFU/day supplementation with W. coagulans Unique IS-2 with whey protein for 60 days increased fasting plasma concentrations of amino acids.41