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Overweight/Obesity
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCTs): It is well established that consumption of medium-chain triglycerides (e.g., MCT oil) can act as an appetite suppressant increasing the sensation of feeling full and reducing food intake.22 Compared with long-chain triglycrides, medium-chain triglycerides decreased body weight, waist circumference, and total body fat without adversely affecting lipid profiles.23 A starting dose is typically 20-30 gm/day in three divided doses with a maximum daily dose of 50-100 gm/day.24
Nutrition and Metabolic Factors
Published in Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan, Strength and Conditioning in Sports, 2023
Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan
Strategies to enhance the mobilization and oxidation of fat have different goals including raising the rate of fat oxidation to spare glycogen during long-term exercise and to promote fat loss. As discussed in Chapter 5, it may be possible that to spare the use of glycogen as an energy substrate through the use of ergogenic aids (101); however, the efficacy of this practice may be questioned. Another way to spare the use of glycogen may be through fat supplementation. This practice, which has included pre-exercise feedings and the ingestion of long- and medium-chain triglycerides during exercise, may enhance the rate of fat oxidation; however, it has been noted that these interventions may fail to enhance an athlete’s performance (101).
Fats, Fatty Acids, and Lipids
Published in Luke R. Bucci, Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are a class of lipids made of saturated fatty acids from 6 to 12 carbons in length (see Table 1).403,404,442,443 MCTs are found in coconut, palm kernel, babassu, cohune, and tucum oils, and in human milk. MCTs have been purified from these sources and are commercially available as mixed MCTs (6 to 12 carbons long) or pure tricaprylic (C8) triglycerides.170 Increasing use of MCTs as an energy source for enteral and parenteral feeding is based on years of clinical use when safe, additional calories are needed.3–7,170,443 MCTs possess different physiological and chemical properties than other lipids and fatty acids. MCT oils are less viscous than their long-chain triglyceride counterparts and are about the only saturated fats that are liquid at room temperature. Medium-chain fatty acids are slightly soluble in water and aqueous solutions, compared to almost total insolubility for long-chain fatty acids. Since MCTs are completely saturated, they do not have the instability to oxidation and storage well-known for unsaturated fats. No eicosanoids are produced directly from medium-chain fatty acids or their possible elongation and desaturation products. Thus, the major influence of MCTs is as a source of calories.
The Impact of a Ketogenic Dietary Intervention on the Quality of Life of Stage II and III Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial in the Caribbean
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Eden Augustus, Isabella Granderson, Kern D. Rocke
The MKD intervention involved the administration of a seven (7) day cyclic altered KD offered over a 16-week period. The cyclic menu was developed to avoid repetition and lack of interest in the meals. Subjects in the treatment group who required assistance with their meal plan received assistance from members of their family or live-in helper. The MKD meals contained approximately 10% CHO, 15% Proteins, and 75% Fats. This amounted to 50 grams CHO, 75 grams protein, and 167 grams fats, providing 2,000 calories. The main source of fat used in the menus was medium chain triglycerides. STD subjects were instructed to consume their usual diet with minor alterations being made to ensure that their daily energy and nutrient requirements were met. Three-day food diaries (two weekdays and one weekend) from each subject were obtained at the weeks 6 and 12 to ensure subjects were adhering to their dietary regiment.
Diagnostic challenges in metabolic myopathies
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2020
Corrado Angelini, Roberta Marozzo, Valentina Pegoraro, Sabrina Sacconi
Most patients with primary carnitine deficiency are followed by a metabolic specialist as well as a dietician., it has been documented that the main treatment with carnitine supplementation corrects heart problems and muscle weakness [25,43] in several patients. In some cases, this treatment prevents the need for a cardiac transplant. The L – carnitine dose may vary from 100 to 600 mg/kg per day based on the calculated carnitine depletion from tissues. To adjust the dose, several plasma carnitine level measurements might be useful, Plasma carnitine levels should be monitored frequently to reduce the episodes of hypoglycemia. Side effects for L – carnitine supplementation are mild and consist of diarrhea, intestinal discomfort, or a fishy body odor. In some cases, a medium-chain triglyceride diet (MCT) may be added. Muscle carnitine clinical features affect mostly limb and neck muscles. The patients show normal ketogenesis on fasting. Diagnostic biochemical features are low muscle carnitine (below 15%) and absence of organic aciduria. There is in vitro stimulation by L-carnitine of labeled palmitate oxidation and oleate [24]. Muscle carnitine deficiency could be caused by an abnormal low – affinity carrier or by a low number of sarcolemmal carriers. It is differentiated from carnitine insufficiency in FAO disorders because of the absence of acylcarnitines elevation in plasma or urine.
Incorporation of methotrexate into coconut oil nanoemulsion potentiates its antiproliferation activity and attenuates its oxidative stress
Published in Drug Delivery, 2020
Mayson H. Alkhatib, Shaza A. Alyamani, Faiza Abdu
In this study, serum activities of CAT, SOD, and GR levels were remarkably increased in mice treated with free-NE COCO and MTX-NE COCO compared to the free MTX group. These results are in agreement with the previous study that demonstrated the beneficial health effects of coconut oil against oxidative damage and side effects of MTX side effects (Zakaria et al., 2011; Kappally et al., 2015; Famurewa et al., 2017). Recently, several studies have focused on the protective effect of coconut oil against Alzheimer’s disease (Avgerinos et al., 2019; Ota et al., 2019; Chatterjee et al., 2020). They have reported that the medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) of coconut oil have a potential for the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease because they are easily absorbed, and metabolized in the liver and get converted to Keton’s bodies which are important as an energy source for the brain and might help improve its cognitive function. Additionally, current evidence showed that the MCTs in coconut oil have neuroprotective properties.