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Ethnobotany of Indus Valley Civilization
Published in T. Pullaiah, K. V. Krishnamurthy, Bir Bahadur, Ethnobotany of India, 2017
K. V. Krishnamurthy, Bir Bahadur
Among other crops were a variety of pulses. These include Cicer arietinum, Lablab purpureus, Vicia faba, Lathyrus sativus, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Lens culinaris, Vigna radiata, Pisum sativum, Cajanus cajan, Vigna mungo and Pisum arvensis.
Ethnic Food Plants and Ethnic Food Preparation in Western and Central Himalayas
Published in T. Pullaiah, K. V. Krishnamurthy, Bir Bahadur, Ethnobotany of India, 2017
Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam. Gahat seeds are used for making pulse when fried with Heeng which is considered warm in winter and its combination with rice is used to prepare delicious dish called ‘Dubke’ in Uttarakhand. Flour prepared from its seed mixed with wheat flour is used to make roti locally called ‘Bedu roti’ (Mehta et al., 2010).
Increasing the Sensitivity of Adipocytes and Skeletal Muscle Cells to Insulin
Published in Christophe Wiart, Medicinal Plants in Asia for Metabolic Syndrome, 2017
Ethanol extract of seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. given orally for 42 days to Sprague–Dawley rats on high-fat diet lowered body weights from 307 to 252 g.118 Food intake was reduced from 6 week of treatment onward. This treatment lowered plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, and increased high-density lipoprotein, whereas increased fecal cholesterol was observed.118 The seeds of this plant contains phenolic acids of which p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid.119 Konishi et al. provided evidence that p-coumaric is absorbed orally in rats.120 This phenolic acid at a concentration of 50 μM increased the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in L6 skeletal muscle, phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1.121 It induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, promoting thus the β-oxidation of fatty acids.121 In skeletal muscles, increased AMP, low ATP levels, hypoxia, glucose deprivation induced by muscular contraction or mitochondrial poisons activate allosterically activate adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase.107 Besides, this heterotrimeric protein is directly activated by LKB1 which is a target for metformin and CaMKK in response to increased cytoplasmic calcium concentration.122 This energy sensor is also activated by silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1) in response to increased NAD+.107 Activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase commands the phosphorylation of TBC1D1 (also known as AS160) and subsequent translocation of glucose transporter-4 allowing glucose uptake by skeletal muscle.123 In skeletal muscles, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase induces fatty acids uptake by fatty acid translocase, and phosphorylates and inhibits acetyl-CoA carboxylase and therefore the synthesis of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA decreasing thus the rate of fatty acid synthesis.124 Malonyl-CoA is the precursor for fatty acid synthesis and an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and therefore adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation stimulates mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids.125
Acute toxicity studies and protective effects of Cinnamon cassia bark extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
K. Vijayakumar, R. L. Rengarajan, N. Suganthi, B. Prasanna, S. Velayuthaprabhu, M. Shenbagam, A. Vijaya Anand
An increase in the blood urea, serum creatinine, and uric acid level is the marker of renal dysfunction, which might be due to increased degradation of protein, and nucleic acid caused by enhanced mitochondrial ROS level (Manikandan and Vijaya Anand 2016). Our study shows, the blood urea and serum creatinine levels were significantly reduced, which might be due to attenuation of protein degradation by the effective ROS scavenging ability of polyphenols present in the extract which is evidenced by our previous study in our lab (Prasanna and Vijaya Anand 2019) and in Macrotyloma uniflorum and Terminalia catappa (Bharathi et al.2018, 2019, Divya et al.2019).
Genetic Diversity for Quercetin, Myricetin, Cyanidin, and Delphinidin Concentrations in 38 Blackeye Pea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Genotypes for Potential Use as a Functional Health Vegetable
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
John Bradley Morris, Brandon D. Tonnis, Ming Li Wang, Uttam Bhattarai
Significant concentrations of quercetin and myricetin have been found in several species within the PGRCU germplasm collection including immature guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.) pods (18), hosrsegram seeds [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.] (19), hyacinth beans [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet] (20), and roselle calyces [Hibiscus sabdariffa (L.)] (21). Quercetin has also shown significant variation in seeds from Teramnus spp (22). Quercetin and other phenolic compounds have been found in blackeye peas, providing potential use as a functional health food (23). Quercetin, myricetin, cyanidin, and delphinidin derivatives have also been found in blackeye peas (24). Quercetin and myricetin in combination with additional flavanols and dihydroflavonols have been shown to inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro) and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) in vitro (25). A grape leaf extract consisting of 40 phenolic compounds, including quercetin and myricetin, were observed to inhibit the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and SARS-CoV-2 replication during early infection (26). Quercetin has also been shown to improve chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men (27). In addition, quercetin is a potential treatment for gastrointestinal dyspepsia (28). Myricetin has been found to be apoptotic to HCT-15 colon cancer cells (29) and has been shown to have therapeutic potential against gastric cancer (30). Myricetin has also been shown to provide 80% anti-HIV activity (31). Even though anthocyanidins such as cyanidin and delphinidin are coloring pigments in plants, both have potential health benefits (14). Cyanidin has potential for Parkinson’s disease treatment (32). Delphinidin has potential anti-cancer effects against osteosarcoma cells (33), has potential for inhibition of colon cancer (34), may prevent bone loss in osteoporosis (35), has been shown to reduce psoriasis, inflammatory cells, and inflammatory cytokines in mice (36), and has shown to be a potential treatment for Chagas disease (37).