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Fucoidan
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Ellya Sinurat, Dina Fransiska, Nurhayati, Hari Eko Irianto
Manikandan et al. (2020) discovered that fucoidan extracted from Turbinaria decurrens has anti nociceptive and anti inflammatory properties in a formalin induced pawedema mouse model. In the formalin-induced inflammatory edema state, fucoidan decreased licking time, implying an anti nociceptive effect, and lowered the extent of paw swelling. In formalin-injected mice’s paw edema tissue, extracted fucoidan drastically reduced MDA while increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and reducing glutathione (GSH) activities. Fucoidan’s anti inflammatory activities have been attributed to its ability to alter the concentrations of enzymatic antioxidants, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and master regulator NF-B. In IC-21 macrophages, fucoidan decreased LPS induced cytotoxicity in a dose dependent way.
The newborn baby
Published in Ajay Sharma, Helen Cockerill, Lucy Sanctuary, Mary Sheridan's From Birth to Five Years, 2021
Ajay Sharma, Helen Cockerill, Lucy Sanctuary
Babies are particularly sensitive to touch on the mouth, face, hands, soles and abdomen. Stroking, rubbing and skin-to-skin contact is the human equivalent to licking in other primates. There is evidence that skin-to-skin contact between the newborn and the mother in the immediate postpartum period may positively affect breastfeeding success and maternal blood pressure and cortisol levels.
Chronic erythematous rash on the face
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
Unclassifiable eczema. An eczematous eruption (i.e. poorly defined erythema, usually with scaling or crusts), which is not atopic or obviously allergic is also common. Patch testing should be carried out to exclude an unknown allergen. An irritant dermatitis can occur with over use of soaps or cleansing materials especially if the patient has a history of atopy or in children secondary to lip licking (see p. 115).
The habit of finger-licking: getting a solution out of the pandemic
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2021
Michael Boulis, Christine Bulot
The aftereffects of finger-licking embroil persons having this habit along with individuals surrounding them (Figure 1). The habit of finger-licking can deter the surrounding people. The author of a correspondent titled ‘The Shopman’s Finger Lick’ described how he walked out of a shop leaving the goods on the counter because of the shopman’s finger-licking habit [7]. This habit can be a source of infection to the individual having the habit and the surrounding people. The saliva involved in the habit of finger-licking may contain pathogens that can be transmitted via fomites, which are inanimate objects. Paper is an example of a fomite that is commonly involved in the habit of finger-licking when turning pages or counting bills. Studies have shown that both bacterial and viral pathogens can survive on paper [8,9]. Such pathogens can be transmitted to others either directly through surface-to-mouth contact or indirectly through fingers’ contamination and subsequent hand-to-mouth, hand-to-eye, or hand-to-nose contact [10]. Furthermore, studies have shown a significant association between the finger-licking habit and serum levels of noxious compounds specifically polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), flame retardants used in an array of products [11,12]. The inimical effects of PBDEs are many and include thyroid along with other endocrine system disruptions, neurotoxicity, infertility, transfer through the placenta, and fetal exposure [12].
Intergenerational transmission of maternal care deficiency and offspring development delay induced by perinatal protein malnutrition
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2020
Octavio Gianatiempo, Silvina V. Sonzogni, Estefanía A. Fesser, Laura M. Belluscio, Ezequiel Smucler, Mariela R. Sued, Eduardo T. Cánepa
To evaluate the global difference in maternal care between NP and LP dams we analyzed lactation and pup licking and grooming events. Lactation, regardless of the mother’s position, is the only food source during the first week of postnatal life and represents the main positive contribution to offspring development. Pup licking and grooming is also well established as a beneficial stimulus for the pups during this period. Therefore, lactation events and licking and grooming events were grouped in a single category termed nurturing behavior. This category encompasses all positive behaviors directed towards the pups, which were aggregated from PD1 to PD7 for each mother. Analyzing this parameter, we found that the parental generation (F0) of LP mothers spent less time providing nurturing behavior than NP mothers (t25 = −2.14, P = 0.04) (Fig. 1A upper panel).
Effect of topical dermatologic medications in humans on household pets
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2020
Usman Asad, David Boothe, Michelle Tarbox
Although the intravenous form of 5-FU can be used safely in dogs as chemotherapy, the topical form has been implicated in diarrhea and vomiting (bloody and nonbloody), tremors, lethargy, ataxia, seizures (including status epilepticus), bone marrow suppression, cardiac arrhythmias, and respiratory depression.1 Clinical manifestations can be seen within 30 to 60 minutes of exposure. The fatality rate can reach 48% to 64%; death can be as early as 7 hours after ingestion. These effects can even be seen in small amounts; toxic doses have been reported at 5 mg/kg, with a minimum lethal threshold of 20 mg/kg and doses of >40 mg/kg reported to be uniformly fatal. In a 2-kg dog, a lethal ingested dose may be as little as 0.8 g of cream.2 Mechanisms of exposure have included dogs licking a treated area on owners, biting the ointment tube, and licking fur (as a means of grooming) that has been touched by owners with 5-FU on their hands.1 While most reports deal with canines, 5-FU has been found to be more toxic in cats.1 Owners have been reported to apply 5-FU to suspected actinic keratoses on their cats’ ears, leading to death when the cat licked the area.2 Due to their grooming habits, cats are particularly at risk for ingestion through licking their own bodies or their owners’ face and hands, which are common sites of cream application.