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Fruits, Vegetables and Tubers
Published in Bill Pritchard, Rodomiro Ortiz, Meera Shekar, Routledge Handbook of Food and Nutrition Security, 2016
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), amongst the most nutritious of the tuber crops, is another important staple food crop in many countries. This crop was produced commercially in 116 countries for a total production of 108 MMT in 2012. China (at about 77 MMT) remains the predominant producer, despite some recent fluctuations in production levels. The other production regions of great importance are West Africa (Nigeria), East Africa (Tanzania and Uganda) and Southeast Asia (Indonesia and Vietnam). Despite the overriding importance of China’s production, sweet potatoes grown in 45 LIFDCs contributed 22 per cent of the world crop. Its importance as a staple food in some countries is illustrated by the fact that per capita sweet potato consumption in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands sweet potato provides more than 65 per cent of total calories consumed (Bourke 2006).
Inhibiting the Absorption of Dietary Carbohydrates and Fats with Natural Products
Published in Christophe Wiart, Medicinal Plants in Asia for Metabolic Syndrome, 2017
Aqueous extract from peel of roots of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Figure 1.41) given to obese Zucker rats orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks decreased plasma insulin from about 753 to 384 μU/mL and attenuated of plasma glucose.183 This regimen reduced plasma triglycerides, free fatty acids, and had no effect on cholesterol.183 This extract improved glucose tolerance in oral glucose tolerance test at the end of the regimen.183 In a subsequent study, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. given to type 2 diabetic patients at a dose of 4 g/day for 3 months decreased, fasting blood glucose from 138.2 to 128.5 mg/dL, reduced total cholesterol from 248.7 to 214.6 mg/dL, and decreased plasma triglycerides.184 This treatment decreased glucose 2 hours after oral glucose tolerance test from 181 to 162.8 mg/dL.184 48.3% of treated diabetic patients achieved a mean fasting blood glucose below the upper normal limit (126 mg/dL) after 3 months versus 7.7% in placebo group.184 A single oral administration of anthocyanin fraction extracted from the tubers of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. at a dose of 400 mg/kg to Sprague–Dawley rats 5 minutes before oral leading of maltose decreased 30 minutes peak glycaemia from 170.3 to 143.8 mg/dL and decreased serum insulin from 2.8 to 1.1 ng/mL.185 The extract had no effect on sucrose postprandial glycaemia.185 From this fraction the diacetylated anthocyanin YGM-6 given at a single oral administration of 100 mg/kg to Sprague–Dawley rats 5 minutes before oral loading of maltose reduced 30 minutes plasma glucose by 25%, whereby acarbose at 3 mg/dL evoked about 45% reduction of 30 minutes glycaemia peak.185 In parallel this anthocyanin reduced serum insulin from 2.8 to 1.6 ng/mL.185 YGM-6 had no effect on sucrose or glucose postprandial glycaemia.185 The leaves of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. contains 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid inhibited rat-intestinal maltase, rat-intestinal sucrase, and human saliva α-amylase with an IC50 value of 24 μM (acarbose: 0.4 μM), 574 μM (acarbose: 1.2 μM), and 634 μM, respectively.185
Walking backwards into the future: the need for a holistic evolutionary approach in Pacific health research
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2018
Elizabeth Matisoo-Smith, Anna L. Gosling
The appearance of Lapita sites in the Bismarck Archipelago around 3350 BP brought a change in the subsistence patterns of Near Oceanic coastal populations with the introduction of East Asian domesticated plants and animals. New varieties of yams (D. alata) and bananas (Eumusa sp) and domesticated chickens, pigs and the Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) were introduced from Island Southeast Asia. When combined with the Near Oceanic root and tree crops, the traditional Pacific diet came together and these all became part of the transported landscapes that Lapita peoples introduced to Remote Oceania (Kirch 2000). Interestingly, rice was not brought into the Pacific by Lapita colonists. The basic Lapita diet was transported into Central and East Polynesia but this, as discussed previously, was supplemented with the introduction of the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), or kumara, which has a South American origin.
Edible Tuber Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Extract Induces Apoptosis and Suppresses Migration of Breast Cancer Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Munmi Majumder, Manoj Sharma, Siddhartha Maiti, Rupak Mukhopadhyay
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius is a widely distributed medicinally important plant and its tuber is consumed as a vegetable in India (9). There are reports on the traditional use of this plant as medicine (9). The plant demonstrate anti-inflammatory (20), hepatoprotective (21), anthelmintic (22), and analgesic (23) properties. To understand the mechanism of its anticancer activity, hydroethanolic extract of the tuber of this plant was prepared by cold extraction method to ensure maximum extraction of bioactive compounds (24). The extract induced near similar cytotoxicity to both MCF-7, an estrogen receptor-positive and MDA-MB-231, a triple-negative breast cancer cell line. This suggested that the APTE-mediated cell death might be an estrogen signaling-independent event. Our observation was comparable to cytotoxicity of a methanolic extract of the same plant part against MCF-7 cells (9). A different species, Amorphophallus campanulatus tuber was reported to induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis in colon and hepatic cancer cell lines (25,26). Tuber from other plants, e.g., Cyperus rotundus also reported to be cytotoxic against murine lymphoblastic leukemia cells in a concentration range of 50–800 µg/ml (27). Ipomoea batatas L. Lam, Taiwanese purple-fleshed sweet potato was reported for its cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing activity against breast and gastric cancer cell lines in higher concentration range of 1–12 mg/ml (28). Juice of another common Indian vegetable, Momordica charantia also induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells as shown by PARP cleavage and Caspase 3 and 7 activity (29).
Trace elements concentration in soil and plant within the vicinity of abandoned tanning sites in Bangladesh: an integrated chemometric approach for health risk assessment
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Md. Saiful Islam, Tapos Kormoker, Mohini Mazumder, Suraia Easnur Anika, Md. Towhidul Islam, Debolina Halder Hemy, Ummah Salma Mimi, Ram Proshad, Md. Humayun Kabir, Abubakr M. Idris
The sampling was conducted in January-February, 2020. The samples were collected from nine agricultural fields around the abandoned tannery waste disposal sites in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. The plant species used for this study was Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato). The plant species was chosen based on the dominant crop plant available in the waste disposal site. Moreover, the sweet potato tubers could serve as a major diet for the local inhabitants. Additionally, the sweet potato leaves and stems may serve as common diets for the animals. Plant samples of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) with three replicates representing leaves stems and tubers parts were taken randomly from cultivated fields.