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Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Guar gum. Guar gum is a type of dietary fiber that decreases the bile acid pool by binding to bile acids in the intestinal lumen [6] Safety: FDA pregnancy category B. Compared to placebo, there are no differences in pruritus, bile salts, gestational age at birth or fetal/neonatal outcomes [23].
Macronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Guar gum is derived from the seeds of the drought tolerant plant Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, a member of Leguminosae family (32–33). This plant is cultivated mostly in Pakistan and India where the plant has been grown for centuries as food for both human and animals (33). Guar gum is a gel-forming galactomannan obtained by grinding the endosperm of cluster bean. It is largely used in the form of guar gum powder as an additive in the food, pharmaceuticals, paper, textile, explosive, and cosmetics industries. Thus, guar gum is chiefly used as thickener and stabilizer. It is also beneficial in the control of many health problems like diabetes, bowel movements, heart disease and colon cancer (33).
Immunosuppressants, rheumatic and gastrointestinal topics
Published in Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara, Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara
Dietary changes, such as frequent feeding of small amounts or using casein-predominant infant formulae or those with low osmolality, may help. A reduction of the food volume results in a decrease in the number of episodes of vomiting but no change in acid reflux [6]. Milk thickening agents have been included in anti-regurgitation infant formulae. A systematic review of ten controlled trials demonstrates a reduction in vomiting in infants, but there is no effect on pH [7]. Side effects have been described with guar gum, carob bean gum and soybean polysaccharides, such as abdominal pain, diarrhoea or a decrease in intestinal absorption [8]. In atopic families, hydrolysate formulae can be used if cow’s milk allergy is suspected.
Nanoencapsulated fluoride as a remineralization option for dental erosion: an in vitro study
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2021
Juliane Rolim de Lavôr, Nayanna Lana Soares Fernandes, Elizabeth Barreto Galvão de Sousa, Juliellen Luiz da Cunha, Ingrid Andrade Meira, Fábio Correia Sampaio, Andressa Feitosa Bezerra de Oliveira
Dentifrices with 50% NanoF and 100% NanoF demonstrated a satisfactory surface microhardness remineralization. The absence of statistically significant difference between these groups and the PC and PN groups indicates that these products have effective remineralizing potential. The composition of the NanoF is basically sodium fluoride (NaF) encapsulated in a natural biopolymer (hydroxypropyl guar). The guar gum is a molecular weight carbohydrate polymer which is derived from the natural seed of the guar plant (Cyamopsistetragonoloba(L.) Taub). The particle size is about 200 nm. The fluoride release is not dependent on pH but on enzymatic triggers following a mechanism of stimuli-controlled release. In the buccal mouth, a previous clinical study [29] showed that the fluoride release in saliva is delayed within the first 60 min after brushing. Moreover, the incorporation of fluoride ions in the dental biofilm was also prolonged when compared to regular NaF dentifrices (data not shown).
Thiolation of arabinoxylan and its application in the fabrication of pH-sensitive thiolated arabinoxylan grafted acrylic acid copolymer
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2019
Hira Ijaz, Ume Ruqia Tulain, Farooq Azam, Junaid Qureshi
Concentration of polymer (TAX) has significant influence on swelling ratio as shown in Figure 2. Swelling ratio increases with increase in TAX contents. When the concentration of polymer is low, monomer easily graft with polymer. However, this grafting is inhibited by steric hindrance. Furthermore, as the concentration of TAX increase, more grafting site becomes available for polymer grafting. As the concentration of polymer increases, it leads to increase in availability of –COO− and –SH−. In acidic environment these pendent groups (polymer and monomer) remained deprotonated and results is coiling of grafted polymeric hybrid. In basic environment, electrostatic force of repulsion between pendent groups occurs, thereby aids in swelling. Formulation TAX2 containing 2.5% polymer showed significant swelling (dynamic and equilibrium) ratio as compared to formulation TAX 1 containing 2% polymer. Seeli et al. observed the similar fact while formulation of Guar gum oleate-graft-poly (methacrylic acid) hydrogel. As the concentration of guar gum increases hydrogel swelling increased [20].
Highly specific colon-targeted transformable capsules containing indomethacin immediate-release pellets for colon cancers therapy
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2020
Chen Yang, Yu Zhang, Peng Cai, Shirui Yuan, Qiaofang Ma, Ya Song, Haobo Wei, Ziheng Wu, Zhenghong Wu, Xiaole Qi
Here, we used microflora-triggered enzyme-responsive delivery systems, which rely on a specific flora of the human gastrointestinal tract and are immune to individual differences so as to achieve a good colon-targeted effect [12]. Natural polysaccharides are widely used in drug delivery systems because they are easily available, non-toxic and biodegradable [13]. Guar gum is a natural polysaccharide extracted from the leguminous plant guar [14]. Its main component is mannose, which can be specifically degraded by mannanase produced by a special flora in the colon [15]. Preparation of a suitable delivery system using guar gum enables the drug to be selectively released in the colon [16].