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Utilization of Fisheries' By-Products for Functional Foods
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Muhamad Darmawan, Nurrahmi Dewi Fajarningsih, Sihono, Hari Eko Irianto
There are several ways to hydrolyze the fish protein such as chemically hydrolysis, thermal hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis (Zamora-Sillero et al., 2018). Among the methods, chemically hydrolysis using alkali and acid is relatively low cost and simple to operate; thus, the method is widely used at an industrial scale. However, compared to biochemical methods, the chemical and thermal hydrolysis approach is harsher, which caused amino acid profile damage, a loss of nutrients, and produced very heterogeneous peptides due to the nonspecific peptide bond cleaving. Biochemical hydrolysis can be done using endogenous proteolytic enzymes of the fish proteins or using exogenous enzymes. According to Zamora-Sillero et al. (2018), the hydrolyzing process of the fish protein is much more controllable when an exogenous enzyme is used compared to the endogenous enzyme. Moreover, an exogenous enzyme will produce a better homogeneous protein hydrolysate. Therefore, an enzymatic approach is currently considered as the most effective protein hydrolysis method available to produce FPH. Enzyme selection has a key role in hydrolyzing fish protein.
Therapeutic Potential of Marine Foods: A Review
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Zohaib Hassan, Muhammad Kamran Khan, Farhan Saeed, Sadia Hassan, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
The positive influence of fish consumption on cardiovascular health is due to the presence of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated FAs and fish protein [112]. Within a healthy eating pattern, an association of fish consumption with decreased body weight has been approved through different anthropometric studies [143]. However, intervention dietary research studies are limited to the addition of fish in a weight-loss diet [161]. Other fish nutritional ingredients like vitamin B and iron, fluorine, and iodine are only concisely debated; however, in portions of the Western diet, these substances have suboptimal consumption levels.
Protein Sources, CVD, Type 2 Diabetes, and Total Mortality
Published in Nathalie Bergeron, Patty W. Siri-Tarino, George A. Bray, Ronald M. Krauss, Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, 2017
Peter Clifton, Nathalie Bergeron, Patty W. Siri-Tarino, George A. Bray, Ronald M. Krauss
In some studies a separation of the effect of fish per se and fish oil fatty acids could be seen. For instance, in the Nurses’ Health Study in diabetic women, there was a 74% reduction in CHD mortality in the highest fish consumption group (5 or more times/week), while higher consumption of long-chain N3 fatty acids was associated with an insignificant 31% reduction in CHD mortality (Hu et al. 2003). This suggests that there was a benefit from fish protein (or some other components in fish) replacing other forms of protein, in particular red meat, for reducing the risk of CHD mortality. In addition, in Western populations, red meat intake may also be a significant source of long-chain N3 fatty acids (Welch et al. 2010), which will confound the relationships. This disparity between fish and N3 fats was not seen in the whole Nurses’ Health Study cohort (Hu et al. 2002) for CHD, but total strokes were reduced by 52% in the highest fish intake group and by 33% in the highest quintile of fish oil intake (Iso et al. 2001).
Contamination and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in water and sediment from hubs of fish resource river in a developing country
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Mir Mohammad Ali, Mohammad Lokman Ali, Md. Refat Jahan Rakib, Md. Saiful Islam, Ahasan Habib, Shaharior Hossen, Khalid A. Ibrahim, Abubakr M. Idris, Khamphe Phoungthong
All the matrices were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometers (Model ZEEnit700P# 150Z7P0110, Analytikjena, Germany) using the GFAAS and Hydride Generator system for Pb, Cd, Cr, and As. According to EC567/2002, in-house validation of all methods is carried out. The analytical conditions for analyzing heavy metals in a sample using AAS are listed in Table S1. The dilution standard (1000 ppm) supplied by Sigma Aldrich, Switzerland, measured the calibration specifications for the instrument. The concentration of heavy metal in sediment was expressed as mg/kg, while μg/L was expressed for the water sample. Containers and glassware were washed with 20% HNO3, several times rinsed with ultrapure water, and dried in the oven prior to use. The analytical technique was tested using the certified reference material DORM- 4 Fish protein certified reference material for trace metals. The Canadian National Research Council prepared and supplied these fish samples. As shown in Table S2, the recovery percentage for certified reference material (DORM-4) for heavy metals was observed between 89–99 and 95–101 for NMIJ CRM 7303-a lake sediment. The results indicated a clear agreement between the accredited and observed principles.
Chemical Utilization of Albizia lebbeck Leaves for Developing Protein Concentrates as a Dietary Supplement
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2018
Lutful Haque Khan, V. K. Varshney
Proteins are most important for the development of the human body and maintenance of good health. Adequate amounts of proteins are essential for normal maintenance of body functions and for growth, maturation, pregnancy, lactation, and recovery from injuries and diseases. Protein deficiency and malnutrition are being experienced by a large population of the developing world. With rapid population growth coupled with limited cultivable land, shortage of protein has become a global issue. The world has recognized the grim truth that ultimately the population growth will outstrip food suppliers. Approximately 60% of the 10.9 million deaths each year among children under the age of five in the developing world are attributed to protein malnutrition (WHO, 2002). Further, shortage of good quality protein is a serious concern of feed producers. These considerations have necessitated the search for additional sources of protein. Several novel sources of protein such as fish protein concentrate (FPC; Bárzana & Garía-Garibay, 1994), single-cell protein (SCP; Nasseri et al., 2011), soybean protein (SBP; Bhatia & Greer, 2008), and insect protein (Ghaly & Alkoaik, 2010) have been suggested to meet the increasing demand of human dietary and animal protein.
Poultry and Fish Consumption in Relation to Total Cancer Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2018
Zheng Zhang, Guo-Chong Chen, Zhi-Zhen Qin, Xing Tong, Da-Peng Li, Li-Qiang Qin
In the highest versus lowest intake analysis of poultry consumption and cancer mortality, there was a decrease in cancer mortality risk associated with higher poultry intake. However, potential mechanisms responsible for this inverse association remain unclear. One possible explanation may involve the low content of saturated fat and heme iron in poultry. Substitution of poultry with red meat lead to a lower exposure to carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds, attenuated heme iron-induced oxidative stress, and DNA damage (46), as well as reduced colon cytotoxicity associated with peroxidation of fat (47). However, in Song et al's study comparing plant and animal proteins, they found that replacement of 3% energy from poultry or fish protein with plant protein had no effect on cancer mortality (22). This study was excluded because relative RRs of cancer mortality for meat consumption were not provided.