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Radiation Carcinogenesis: Tissue Culture Model
Published in Kedar N. Prasad, Handbook of RADIOBIOLOGY, 2020
The active principal in croton oil is a class of compounds called the phorbol esters. Among these, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is one of the most active tumor promoters for chemically initiated carcinogenesis. It has been observed13 that TPA also markedly enhances the frequency of X-ray-induced transformation (Figure 17.4). It is interesting to note that TPA is particularly effective at low doses. For example, a dose of 25 rads does not produce detectable levels of transformation; however, when this dose is followed by TPA treatment, the transformation frequency increases to 5 × 10−4. This frequency of transformation is generally induced by 200–300 rads of X-rays alone.13 TPA appears to be most effective during the proliferative phase of growth. It has been reported15 that the irradiated cells retain the ability to respond to TPA even after many generation times. This observation is consistent with the results found in mouse skin, where applications of croton oil many months after carcinogen exposure still leads to a high incidence of tumors.16
Historical review of vitiligo
Published in Electra Nicolaidou, Clio Dessinioti, Andreas D. Katsambas, Hypopigmentation, 2019
Maja Kovacevic, Nika Franceschi, Mirna Situm, Andy Goren, Andrija Stanimirović, Yan Valle, Torello Lotti
In the beginning of the nineteenth century, systemic application of bromides, iodides, valerianates, mercury, antimony, and arsenic was used, as well as subcutaneous injection of pilocarpine, saline, or bromoiodic baths. Different mixtures containing croton oil, iodine, sublimate, and naphtol have been suggested for topical use; however, all these recommendations showed limited to no effect.20 In his work, Brito listed possible treatment options such as the use of silver nitrate; excision, which may be succeeded by grafts; dermal injections of silver nitrate solutions followed by exposure to sunlight; tattooing; and internal administration of silver salts for treating vitiligo.15
Medium-Depth and Deep Peeling
Published in Antonella Tosti, Maria Pia De Padova, Gabriella Fabbrocini, Kenneth R. Beer, Acne Scars, 2018
Croton oil is an extract of the seed of the plant Croton tiglium and has been commercially prepared as Croton resin since 1932. Its activity on the skin is related to free hydroxyl groups that cause skin vesiculation even in low doses.
Development of a nanotechnological hydrogel containing desonide nanocapsules in association with acai oil: design and in vivo evaluation
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Priscila Rosa, Mariane Lago Friedrich, Juliana dos Santos, Natháli Schopf Pegoraro, Camila Camponogara, Sara Marchesan Oliveira, Cristiane de Bona da Silva, Andréa Inês Horn Adams
The antiedematogenic activity of the nanostructured hydrogels in an acute contact dermatitis model induced by croton oil was assessed. Croton oil contains 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and other phorbol esters as main irritant agents (Saraiva et al. 2011). Its application triggers an inflammatory response characterized by edema, leading to increased vascular permeability, cell infiltration and proliferation, production of arachidonic acid metabolites, cytokines and other proinflammatory mediators (Patrick et al. 1987; Rao et al. 1993). A recognized immediate effect of TG includes vasoconstriction, which decreases the tissue edema, erythema and heat (Beltrani et al. 2005). Thus, our aim was to assess the antiedematogenic effect of the nanostructured hydrogels in a model of croton oil-induced skin inflammation, since it mimics several human skin diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (Sato et al. 2004; Pietrovski et al. 2011).
Evaluation of Noxious Consequence of Bark Extract of Onosma echioides Linn Root: Hematology, Biochemistry, and Histopathological Findings
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2020
Ambreen Shoaib, Hefazat Hussain Siddiqui, Rakesh Kumar Dixit
Onosma echioides Linn, family Boraginaceae, is a widely used remedial herb, extensively dispersed all over India, Nepal, Pakistan, China, and Afghanistan. It is commonly known as Mahaarangi, Ratanjot,, and Maharanga (Kumar et al. 2013; Sharma 2000; Baral and Kurmi 2006; Bhattarai et al. 2006). It is traditionally used in Indian food and lends its red color to some versions of the curry dish such as Rogan Josh. The leaves of O. echioides are widely used in bladder obstacle, liver chaos, kidney obstruction, sciatic pain, and gout (Sharma et al. 2004). Its root pulp is utilized as an antiseptic for wounds, bruises, and eruptions (Rheoeder et al. 1993; Chopra et al. 1996). O. echioides extract possesses anthelmintic and alexipharmic activity (Kumar et al. 2013). O. echioides in croton oil has revealed its defending character and its use in skin malignancy and oxidative damage in Swiss mice (Sharma et al. 2004). This effect could be due to the active constituents of shikonins and alkannins present in the plant extract. Interestingly, these compounds have also been reported to promote wound healing in an albino rat model (Nikita et al. 2015).
Morel mushroom, Morchella from Kashmir Himalaya: a potential source of therapeutically useful bioactives that possess free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and arthritic edema-inhibiting activities
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Haridas Ramya, Korattuvalappil S. Ravikumar, Zuhara Fathimathu, Kainoor K. Janardhanan, Thekkuttuparambil A. Ajith, Manzoor Ahmad Shah, Ramona Farooq, Zafar A. Reshi
The level of lipid peroxidation in the skin treated with croton oil was found twice higher than that of untreated animals. EAE at 50 mg dose caused 78% reduction in croton oil-induced lipid peroxidation (Figure 3(B)). Histopathology of skin sections of croton oil applied skin showed extensive leukocyte infiltration and EAE treated skin sections showed infiltration to a lesser extent (Figure 3(C)). This indicated the preventive effect on inflammation by EAE extract.