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Animal Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Cod liver oil contains large amounts of vitamins A, D, saturated, monounsaturated, and various omega-3 fatty acids such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including both eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (149–151). In fish oil, vitamins A and D are absent or in low amounts.
Gestational Diabetes
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
A. Dhanya Mackeen, Richard S. Vigh, Kajal Angras
Other dietary supplements have also been investigated as a treatment for GDM. Probiotic treatment has not been shown to change perinatal outcomes [155–157]. Myo-inositol for the treatment of GDM modestly lowers BMI, offers a small reduction in fasting blood sugar levels, reduces the need to initiate insulin in order to achieve glycemic control, and reduces birth-weight [158, 159]. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation improves glucose metabolism but does not change perinatal outcomes [160, 161]. Cod liver oil improves glucose metabolic indices as well as inflammation [162].
Prelude: Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries
Published in John K. Crellin, A Social History of Medicines in the Twentieth Century, 2020
Although much of the story of cod-liver oil from the 1920s onward is linked to the recognition of its vitamins A and D content and the emerging knowledge of the physiological role of vitamins, it cannot be assumed that dosages were always appropriate. In commenting on one family's use of the oil for rickets in the 1930s (by which time the specific value of the vitamin D content for the condition was well known), physician Robert Ecke related one story: '"I gives 'em codliver oil,' says the mother, 'six spoons a day.' I wondered [thought Ecke] if this would be the only case in the world of cod-liver resistant rickets. 'How long?' ask I. 'Since Thursday,' says the mother."81
Vitamin D: sources, physiological role, biokinetics, deficiency, therapeutic use, toxicity, and overview of analytical methods for detection of vitamin D and its metabolites
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2022
Jiří Janoušek, Veronika Pilařová, Kateřina Macáková, Anderson Nomura, Jéssica Veiga-Matos, Diana Dias da Silva, Fernando Remião, Luciano Saso, Kateřina Malá-Ládová, Josef Malý, Lucie Nováková, Přemysl Mladěnka
At the end of the nineteenth century, it was known the bones of rachitic children had a low content of calcium and phosphate. However, supplementation with these elements did not lead to the prevention or cure of the disease. Rickets occurred mostly in cities in the northern latitudes and this suggested the lack of sun exposure as one of the possible explanations [1,2]. In some areas, there has also been a long-standing folk tradition of using cod liver oil as a powerful preventive agent [3]. In the early twentieth century, the burst in experimentation and controlled studies confirmed the curative effect of both direct sunlight and cod liver oil, and “calcium-depositing vitamin” was discovered as the factor that cured rickets [4–7]. This “calcium-depositing vitamin” later became known as vitamin D.
Cancer prevention and treatment using combination therapy with natural compounds
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2020
Chatterjee et al. showed that combined supplementation of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitD3) and fish oil induced a significant reduction in incidence, multiplicity and volume of mammary tumors in a defined experimental rat mammary carcinogenesis model [119]. They also found that the combination reduced DMBA induced mammary 7-methylguanine DNA adduct formation, retarded cell proliferation and downregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression compared to treatment with only one agent. Istfan et al. investigated whether vitamin D and n-3FA were capable of inhibiting cancer initiation and progression [135]. Unlike fish oil, cod liver oil has substantive concentrations of vitD. Dyck et al. reviewed the anticancer effects of vitD and n-3FA (via cod liver oil) and hypothesize that the two may work synergistically [144].
Major depressive disorder (mdd): emerging immune targets at preclinical level
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2023
Manasi Varma, Arshpreet Kaur, Ranjana Bhandari, Ashwani Kumar, Anurag Kuhad
Omega−3 fatty acids are abundantly available in food items such as cod liver oil, and over the years, have become a very popular health supplement owing to their myriad of beneficial effects. Among these effects, one happens to be their anti-inflammatory potential, which is mediated through the formation of metabolites derived from n−3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), mainly resolvin D (RvD) and resolvin E (RvE), and also protectins (PD) and maresins (MaR) [212–216]. This group of chemicals is together known as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM), and evidence showing their efficacy in psychiatric disorders including depression exists [216].