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Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
The results of the relevant studies for benzyl cinnamate are summarized in table 3.18.3. More detailed information can be found in the corresponding text following the table. The percentage of products in which benzyl cinnamate was found to be present ranges from 0.5% to 11%, but the higher frequencies were found in studies with few investigated products only. In general, it may be assumed, that benzyl cinnamate is infrequently used in fragrances.
Novel UV Filtering Agents for Next-Generation Cosmetics: From Phytochemicals to Inorganic Nanomaterials
Published in Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
Cinnamates, salicylates octocrylene, and ensulizole are also active organic UV protective agents. Cinnamates are octinoxate (octyl methoxycinnamate [OMC]) and cinoxate (2-ethoxyethyl-methoxycinnamate). OMC is a potent UVB absorber and is the most frequently used sunscreen ingredient. Salicylates are weak UVB absorbers, and they are generally used in combination with other UV filters. Both octisalate and homosalate are water insoluble that leads to their high substantivity, which is the ability to retain its effectiveness after exposure to water and perspiration. Otocrylene has an excellent safety profile with low irritation, phototoxicity, and photoallergic potential and is used in combination with other UV absorbers to achieve higher SPF formulas and to add stability. Ensulizole or phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid is water soluble, and it is used in products formulated to feel lighter and less oily, such as daily use cosmetic moisturizers. It is a selective UVB filter, allowing almost all UVA transmission.
Safety and Efficacy of Sunscreen Formulations Containing Carrier or Non-Carrier-Based UV-Filters
Published in Andreia Ascenso, Sandra Simões, Helena Ribeiro, Carrier-Mediated Dermal Delivery, 2017
Carolina Gomes Benevenuto, Lorena Rigo Gaspar
Cinnamates are aromatic compounds disubstituted with both an electron-releasing group (OCH3) and an electron-accepting group (ester group further conjugated with a double bond). This allows the extended delocalization of electrons enabling these molecules to absorb at 310 nm [33]. The cinnamates are subject to photo cis-trans isomerization (cis-Z isomer, trans-E isomer). While the E isomer is predominant and has a lmáx = 310 nm, with a molar absorption coefficient (e) of 19,500 dm3mol−1cm−1, the cis isomer, which is formed under sunlight exposure, has a lmáx of 312 nm with a lower e, 10,000 dm3mol−1cm−1. Thus, sunlight exposure results in an equilibrated proportion of E and Z isomers and a consequent decreased absorption of UV light [33].
Anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects of an aqueous extract of Cinnamomi ramulus on MH7A rheumatoid arthritis-derived fibroblast-like synoviocytes through induction of apoptosis, cell arrest and suppression of matrix metalloproteinase
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Jia Liu, Qing Zhang, Ruo-Lan Li, Shu-Jun Wei, Yong-Xiang Gao, Li Ai, Chun-Jie Wu, Xu-Feng Pu
TCM has the characteristics of multiple components and multiple targets, resulting in its unclear basis of medicinal substances and unclear mechanism of action, which seriously restricts the development and promotion of TCM. In recent years, molecular docking method has become an important technology in the field of computer-aided drug research, which can realize rapid and high-throughput screening of potential drugs and greatly reduce the research and development cost and time (Peng et al. 2018). Therefore, more and more researchers have introduced molecular docking into the study of TCM. In this study, molecular docking results showed that the compounds in ACR had a good affinity with protein crystals. Notably, the docking fraction of benzyl cinnamate with nine proteins was higher than that of the prototype ligand, indicating that benzyl cinnamate may be closely related to the anti-RA effect of Cinnamomi ramulus. Previous studies have reported that benzyl cinnamate has anti-hypertension, antibacterial and antioxidant activities, etc. (Ohno et al. 2008; Tanapichatsakul et al. 2018). However, there are few reports about the effects of benzyl cinnamate on RA treatment. In this paper, we found that benzyl cinnamate induced early and late apoptosis and inhibited migration of MH7A cells in a dose-dependent manner. It could provide new clues for further study on the molecular mechanism of benzyl cinnamate in the treatment of RA.
Metabolism and disposition of 2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate following oral gavage and dermal exposure in Harlan Sprague Dawley rats and B6C3F1/N mice and in hepatocytes in vitro
Published in Xenobiotica, 2018
Timothy R. Fennell, James M. Mathews, Rodney W. Snyder, Yan Hong, Scott L. Watson, Sherry R. Black, Barry S. McIntyre, Suramya Waidyanatha
The metabolism of p-methoxycinnamate has not been extensively reported. Woo (1968) reported the detection of a single metabolite, methoxybenzoate, in the serum of rabbits administered methoxycinnamate by IV injection. Cinnamate administered to rodents is metabolized by conjugation to form a cinnamoyl glycine conjugate, β-oxidation to yield 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, and oxidation to benzoic acid, benzoic acid glucuronide and hippuric acid (Nutley et al., 1994). Investigations of the metabolism of [methoxy-14C] anethole and [methoxy-14 C] estragole reported the formation of methoxycinnamate as a metabolic intermediate, which was further metabolized to form methoxybenzoic acid and its glycine conjugate (Anthony et al., 1987; Sangster et al., 1984).
Granulomatous cheilitis — is there a role for allergen screening and avoidance?
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2023
Jessica A. Kern, Amir A. Amanullah, Dev R. Sahni, Jason G. Mathis, Christopher M. Hull, Douglas L. Powell, Aaron M. Secrest
Anecdotally, some of our patients at the University of Utah who are on systemic immunosuppression for GC experienced fewer flares after avoiding common food and preservative allergens such as cinnamon, cacao, and sodium-benzoate. One patient, a 37-year-old female with a past medical history of biopsy-proven GC and diabetes, presented for orofacial swelling with prominent perioral edema that only partially responded to treatment with topical corticosteroids and tacrolimus, intralesional triamcinolone, and systemic TNF-alpha inhibitors. We proceeded with standard patch testing which revealed an allergy to cinnamates and recommended dietary avoidance. This dietary change reduced her orofacial edema significantly.