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Malnutrition
Published in Praveen S. Goday, Cassandra L. S. Walia, Pediatric Nutrition for Dietitians, 2022
Laura Gearman, Catherine Larson-Nath
In addition to increasing the concentration of the infant’s human milk or formula, older infants who consume pureed or table foods can consume increased energy with the addition of nutrients to foods consumed. In general, foods before the age of one are thought to be supplementary energy and protein intake while the child learns to consume various flavors and textures. Many infant foods such as pureed fruits and vegetables are low in energy at baseline. To increase the energy density of pureed foods, one teaspoon of any oil that is liquid at room temperature can be mixed into 4 oz (~120 g) of pureed food. For example, 4 oz (~120 g) of pureed green beans provides approximately 40 kilocalories. With the addition of one teaspoon of canola oil, which contains 40 kcal, the energy density can be doubled to 80 kcal/4 oz (~120 g).
Functional Foods: Bioavailability, Structure, and Nutritional Properties
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Tawheed Amin, H. R. Naik, Syed Zameer Hussain, Bazila Naseer
Plant Breeding: It can be employed to minimize levels of undesirable FAs and enhance the chemical stability of bioactive lipids. Classic plant breeding has been employed to reduce the level of α-linolenic acid (ALA) of canola oil and soybean as this fatty acid increases susceptibility to oxidation [35]. The modern plant modifications use genetic manipulation techniques to produce fats with specific alterations in fatty acid profiles.
Fat
Published in Geoffrey P. Webb, Nutrition, 2019
Soya oil and sunflower oil are two vegetable oils that are typical of many vegetable oils in that they are low in saturates and high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. In most vegetable oils, the n6 polyunsaturated fatty acids predominate. Olive oil and rapeseed (canola) oil are the most widely eaten examples of fats that are particularly high in monounsaturates and low in saturates. Rapeseed oil also has a relatively high proportion of n3 polyunsaturated acids. The composition of the two tropical oils shown in Table 12.1 (coconut and palm oil) shows that there are exceptions to the general observation that vegetable oils are low in saturates and high in unsaturated fatty acids. On the simple basis of the proportions of the three main types of fatty acids, palm oil is quite similar in its make-up to lard. Coconut oil contains a particularly high proportion (around 78%) of medium-chain saturated fatty acids (less than 16 carbons) that make up only a small proportion of the fatty acids in most fats, and its advocates suggest that this makes its effects on plasma cholesterol less deleterious. Palmitic acid (16:0) is the dominant saturated fatty acid in most types of fat.
Production, purification and biochemical characterisation of a novel lipase from a newly identified lipolytic bacterium Staphylococcus caprae NCU S6
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2021
Junxin Zhao, Maomao Ma, Zheling Zeng, Ping Yu, Deming Gong, Shuguang Deng
Among the tested natural oils, the canola oil was hydrolysed to a higher degree by SCNL at a high specific activity (220.00 U/mg). The canola oil contains less than 2% erucic acid and less than 30 mM glucosinolates, and has a relatively low level of saturated fat (≤7%) and a high content of polyunsaturated fats, such as linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid (formally called 9,12,15-all-cis-octadecatrienoic acid). α-linolenic acid is an unsaturated omega-3 fatty acid available in many plant oils. The activity of SCNL was strong for natural oils with medium-chain to long-chain fatty acids [C6:0–C16:0]. Among them, both olive oil (184.80 U/mg) and rice bran oil (176.69 U/mg) contain long unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid and linoleic acid. These results were in accordance with a previous report14, indicating its preference to medium-chain fatty acids and long unsaturated fatty acids.
Experimental validation of acoustic and thermal modeling in heterogeneous phantoms using the hybrid angular spectrum method
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2021
Megan Hansen, Douglas Christensen, Allison Payne
Acoustic and thermal property characterization was performed on each gelatin and canola-oil component of the phantoms using techniques that have been previously described [25]. In particular, through-transmission testing was employed to measure the speed of sound and attenuation of the materials using the W-Type phantoms [28]. The density was calculated by dividing phantom mass by calculated cylinder volume. After through-transmission testing with the W-Type phantoms, a commercially available device (KD2 Pro Thermal Properties Analyzer, Decagon Devices, Pullman, WA) pierced the ends of the phantoms for transient-line-source measurements of thermal diffusivity. This device has two 30-mm-long probes spaced 6 mm apart, with one probe being used for heating and the other for temperature measurements. Thermal measurements were not possible in the canola oil with this tool and therefore previously published values were used [29]. The measurement uncertainty of each technique was determined based on the variability of the experimental data or the manufacturer's reported precision.
Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.) oil impact on the oxidative metabolism of neutrophils in the obese patients*
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2019
Dominika Kanikowska, Alina Kanikowska, Rafał Rutkowski, Małgorzata Włochal, Zofia Orzechowska, Aldona Juchacz, Agnieszka Zawada, Marian Grzymisławski, Magdalena Roszak, Maki Sato, Andrzej Bręborowicz, Janusz Witowski
Our study is the first to document the possible modulation of canola oil on oxidative burst activity in neutrophils in vivo conditions. The present result is in agreement with other studies that found enhanced oxidative burst in healthy young men after 8 weeks of fish oil supplementation (Gorjão et al. 2006; Bartelt et al. 2008). Canola oil is characterized by high levels of PUFAs (Lin et al. 2013). The literature on the effects of dietary supplementation with omega-3 PUFAs on leukocyte functions is not entirely in agreement. Numerous studies have shown that dietary supplementation with omega-3 PUFA results in the reduction of chemotactic migration in neutrophils (Sperling et al. 1993), increased superoxide anion generation (Chen et al. 1994). On the other hand, several experiments have demonstrated the opposite effects on neutrophil function: decreased superoxide anion generation in neutrophils (Poulos et al. 1991). The mechanisms by which PUFAs exert their immune-modulating actions are unknown. The immunosuppressive effect is thought to work through changes in eicosanoid production (Kelley et al. 1999). It has also been suggested that PUFA mediate their effect by changes in gene expression or membrane structure (Szekely et al. 2007).