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Chemosensory Influences on Eating and Drinking, and Their Cognitive Mediation
Published in Alan R. Hirsch, Nutrition and Sensation, 2023
An alternative interpretation is that “minty” was not used to describe the volatiles of the spearmint flavoring in chewing gum, albeit cognitively modulated in strength by the taste of sucrose. It may have been used as a name for the candy imitated by gum (until it has lost its flavor). In that case, the norm in the memory that the word ‘mint’ invoked would be the flavor of peppermint candy, which is overwhelmingly sweet. The normal balance of sweetness and peppermint aroma while sucking the candy was read from memory into the mixture of olfactory and gustatory stimuli presented as the volatilization of menthone from the chewing gum reached its peak. These of course are major practical issues for formulators of chewing gum for consumers’ perceptions of quality. As in other areas of application of science, the most effective approach may be the measurement of what each user of the product is doing, rather than statistical modeling of numbers collected from experts or customers without considering the mechanisms that generate the numbers.
Metabolic Syndrome
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Lifestyle is highly implicated in the development and worsening of metabolic syndrome. Cigarette smoking increases risks for the development of cardiovascular disease and worsens MetSyn. Individuals who smoke more than a pack of cigarettes per day may develop more than 70% type 2 diabetes. Hormone imbalances in smokers promotes accumulation of abdominal fat, leading to insulin resistance. Lack of exercise is another primary factor that worsens metabolic syndrome, along with family history and increased aging. A poor diet is definitely a contributing factor to metabolic syndrome, including excessive alcohol consumption. Carbohydrates are the most important dietary factor to reduce. There should be very limited consumption of sugary foods and drinks, including candy, white flour and rice, carbonated soda, frozen pizza, fried foods, margarine, pastry, potato chips, and nondairy coffee creamer. Also, excessive salt should be avoided since it increases risks for hypertension and other heart diseases. Foods that are high in sodium include potato chips, canned vegetables, cottage cheese, other types of cheese, buttermilk, canned soup, cured meat, bottled salad dressings, soy sauce, and large amounts of ketchup and mustard. Other factors that worsen metabolic syndrome include low-fiber foods, fatty meats, and saturated fat.
Monographs of essential oils that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
The neroli essential oil, obtained from the flowers by steam- or hydrodistillation is used in the perfume (mainly fine fragrances) and soap industry. The volatile oil contains a sensual fragrance and forms the heart of one the world’s most enduring perfumes, ‘Eau de Cologne’. It also has limited use in flavoring candy, soft-drinks and liqueurs, ice cream, baked goods and chewing gum. In addition, neroli oil has applications in aromatherapy (2,3,23).
Effects of a spice-blended honey muffin on salivary inflammation markers in adults with obesity: a feasibility trial
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Sofia Acevedo, Jeanette M. Andrade
On average, most participants consumed fruits once daily, ranging from 1–3 times monthly up to 3–4 times daily. Participants, on average, consumed vegetables once or twice daily, ranging from once monthly up to five times daily. As for dairy products, the cheese and butter were consumed most frequently at 5–6 times weekly or 2–3 times weekly, respectively. Twelve of the 14 participants ate chicken and eggs at least once per week, with an average of 5–6 times weekly. Beef, pork, and fish were consumed about once per week on average. Cookies and chocolate were also common, with an average of 1–2 times weekly, while cake, pies and candy were only consumed once monthly. There was an even consumption of white and dark bread, with an average consumption of twice weekly. As for beverages, most participants had coffee at least once a day, alcoholic beverages were consumed once weekly, and low-calorie soda 1–2 times weekly, on average. From the 10-day trial, no participants changed dietary habits. Table 2 includes the average consumption of energy and nutrient intake based on frequency of foods/beverages consumed.
Impact of Acculturation on Cancer Prevention Dietary Patterns among Hispanic Families with a High Prevalence of Obesity
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Padideh Lovan, Devina Boga, Sarah E. Messiah, Tae Lee, Roberto M. Benzo, Guillermo Prado
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Dietary Screener Questionnaire (DSQ) (39), was used to assess both parent and youth participants’ dietary intake. This questionnaire consists of 28 items and was self-reported gathering data regarding 22 specific foods and drinks consumed over the past month in different settings including work, school, and restaurants. The response choices included: never, one time last month, 2-3 times last month, one time per week, two times per week, 3-4 times per week, 5-6 times per week, one time per day, two or more times per day. Questions reflected both nutrient-dense options (eg., whole fruits and vegetables) and calorie-dense options (eg., donuts, soda, and cookies). Scoring algorithms were used to convert individuals’ daily intake into standard servings developed by National Cancer Institute (available at: https://epi.grants.cancer.gov/nhanes/dietscreen/scoring/current/#scoring). The food items associated with added sugar (unit = teaspoon) included soda/pop, sweetened fruit drinks, cookies, cake/pie, sugar and/or honey in coffee/tea, cereal and cereal type, donuts/pan dulce, ice cream, and candy. Fruits/vegetables (unit = cup) included fruit, fruit juice, green leafy salads, potatoes (excluding French-fries), beans, pizza, other vegetables, tomato sauce, and salsa. Whole grains (unit = ounce) included popcorn, whole grain rice, and whole grain bread. Dairy (unit = cup) consisted of milk, yogurt or fortified soymilk, cheese.
Acute effects of night work and meals on blood glucose levels
Published in Chronobiology International, 2020
Marie Aarrebo Jensen, Åse Marie Hansen, Mette Sallerup, Nina Odgaard Nielsen, Vivi Schlünssen, Anne Helene Garde
Participants were given lists of allowed and non-allowed food for composing the two different types of the test meals. The low sugar meals could be composed of: wholegrain products, low fat (no sugar) dairy products, vegetables, legumes, nuts, eggs, fish, and low fat meats, but they could not contain: juice, soda, or other soft drinks, nor non-wholegrain products such as white bread and pasta, dairy products with sugar, fruit (dried or fresh), jam, cake, or candy. Participants could eat any amount of food they preferred. We also provided participants with recipes for soups, salads, stews, and sandwiches that followed the content of the guidelines for low sugar meals. The high sugar meals could be composed of any of the same constituents that composed the low sugar meal plus an additional 1–2 high sugar items, such as one piece of cake, one normal size bag of candy (approximately 100 g), one full size chocolate bar, or 0.33 L beverage containing sugar. All participants consumed at least one high sugar item, and none of the participants consumed more than two high sugar items as part of any high sugar test meal. According to the logbooks, none of the restricted food items were included in the low sugar meals.