China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Chronic daily headache: diagnosis and treatment
Published in Stephen D. Silberstein, Richard B. Upton, Peter J. Goadsby, Headache in Clinical Practice, 2018
Stephen D. Silberstein, Richard B. Upton, Peter J. Goadsby
HC is one of the indomethacin-responsive headaches; others are chronic and episodic paroxysmal hemicrania (Chapter 10), exertional headaches, and some cases of migraine and cluster headache (Chapter 9). The reported effective dose of indomethacin for HC ranged from 50 to 300 mg a day. We found the most common effective dose to be 150 mg a day (range 25–225 mg). Drugs other than indomethacin that are reported to be effective in HC include ibuprofen (800 mg ti.d.),45 piroxicam beta-cyclodextrin (20–40 mg a day),46 and rofecoxib.47 Other classes of drugs have not been successful in controlling HC, including sumatriptan.48 Injectable indomethacin 50 mg Intramuscularly (‘indotest’) has been used as a diagnostic test for HC.34 Complete pain relief was reported to occur within 2 hours. Six patients who met the HC phenotype but were not responsive to indomethacin were reported.37,38 Whether these patients truly have HC is uncertain.
Medication: Nanoparticles for Imaging and Drug Delivery
Published in Harry F. Tibbals, Medical Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, 2017
Derivatives can vary the solubility and provide intermolecular linkages for assembly of nanostructures, for example, spontaneous association of hydrophobized dextran and poly-β cyclodextrin into nano-assemblies. Erythrocyte-like liposomes that could possibly serve as artificial red blood cells or drug vehicles have been prepared by means of amphiphilic cyclodextrin sulfates. Other interesting structures prepared include beta-cyclodextrin/ polyacrylic acid microspheres [233].
Letermovir
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Samuel L. Aitken, Rob Saunders, Roy F. Chemaly, Gerhard Ehninger
The group of 3,4 dihydro-quinazolines were initially identified as a potential anti-HCMV compounds through high-throughput screening, with letermovir discovered following detailed analysis of structure–activity relationships (Lischka et al., 2010). Letermovir has a unique mechanism of action, targeting proteins of the terminase complex (pUL56). Letermovir is currently available for investigational use as a 240-mg film-coated tablet. Due to poor solubility, an intravenous formulation solubilized in hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) was developed and is available for use in phase III trials (Kropeit et al., 2013a). An oral solution was evaluated in phase I trials and is in continued development for pediatric use (Kropeit et al., 2010).
Thermal, structural, antimicrobial, and physicochemical characterisation of thyme essential oil encapsulated in β- and γ-cyclodextrin
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Jasim Ahmed, Mehrajfatema Z. Mulla, Hassan Al-Attar, Shaikhah AlZuwayed, Mohammed Ejaz, Sarah Al-Jassar, Harsha Jacob, Linu Thomas, Noor Al-Ruwaih, Antony Joseph
The DSC curve demonstrated a sharp endothermic peak at 197.01et al. 2011, Santos et al. 2015). On the other hand, the release of the essential oil could have occurred during the evaporation of water, so the endothermic peak of TEO was not detected in the thermogram (Shrestha et al. 2017). So, there is no consensus about it. The presence of a thermal peak at 333.66 Tm) and thermal decomposition of the BCD. The Tm of the BCD increased to 333.93 H) increased significantly from 171.1 to 187.4 J/g with increasing the oil concentration in the blend. For the GCD, the Tm (330.04 Table 3) did not change significantly (p > 0.05) with the inclusion of complex formation, indicating the little effect of the TEO on the complex formation. The ΔH of BCD/TEO powder varied between 188.4 and 212.1 J/g. in the literature For carvacrol beta-cyclodextrin inclusion, a lower Tm (320–322 et al. 2015). The difference in the Tm of BCD has been attributed to different sources and manufacturing practices.
Liposomes with cyclodextrin channels and polyethyleneimine (PEI) improves cytoplasmic vaccine delivery and induces anti-cancer immune activity in mice
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2022
Arnold Lee, Sumit Dadhwal, Allan Gamble, Sarah Hook
Channels (CHAN) were synthesized according to the methods reported by Ashton et al. (1996) and Chui and Fyles (2014) with modified purification techniques (Supporting information). The final synthetic step (click-reaction) provided the desired per-fluoroalkyl-beta-cyclodextrin channel, with the key sharp symmetrical singlet at δ 7.83 ppm (triazole proton) in the 1H NMR spectrum present (Supporting information) (Chui and Fyles 2014). Broadening of the peaks in the 1H NMR spectrum (adjacent to the sharp triazole peak and in the 3.5–4.5 ppm region) revealed that the isolated product contained a mixture of the desired symmetrical, as well as partially substituted unsymmetrical, fluoroalkyl-beta-cyclodextrins. The light green colour of the solid was indicative of residual amounts of copper salts that are known to complex tightly with cyclodextrin-triazole products (Chui and Fyles 2014). Attempts to remove the trace amounts of copper salts and the unsymmetrical fluoroalkyl-beta-cyclodextrins using the reported procedure [Chelex-100 resin and column chromatography] (Chui and Fyles 2014) did not provide the desired compound. Instead there was significant loss of cyclodextrins on the silica gel. Multiple washes with n-hexane and chloroform:ethyl acetate (1:1) were carried out and provided the desired fluoroalkyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Although trace amounts of partially fluoroalkylated beta-cyclodextrin were present, the channels were considered acceptable for further studies.
Absorption, metabolism and excretion of pictilisib, a potent pan-class I phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, in rats, dogs, and humans
Published in Xenobiotica, 2021
Qin Yue, S. Cyrus Khojasteh, Sungjoon Cho, Shuguang Ma, Teresa Mulder, John Chen, Jodie Pang, Xiao Ding, Alan Deese, Jackson D. Pellet, Nicholas Siebers, Lori Joas, Laurent Salphati, Joseph A. Ware
Four Beagle dogs (n = 2 per sex, Group 1) and two BDC male Beagle dogs (Group 2) were administered a single oral dose of [14C]pictilisib dissolved in 10% hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin solution at a target dose of 5 mg/kg (20 µCi/kg; dosing volume was 5 mL/kg) via oral gavage. The dogs were approximately 1–3 years old and weighed 8–12 kg at the time of dosing. The dogs were fasted overnight before dosing and 4 hours after dosing, and fresh tap water was available ad libitum. Urine and faeces were collected from all animals at 0–8, 8–24 and at 24 h intervals through 240 h postdose, and bile was collected from BDC animals up to 168 h post-dose. Blood samples (approximately 5 mL) were collected into tubes containing K2EDTA on wet ice from the jugular vein at predose and at 0.083, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 168, and 240 h post-dose and plasma was prepared.