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Food Additives
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
For example, annatto (E160b, a natural color ingredient found in margarine, Cheshire cheese, smoked fish, and cakes) and tartrazine (a sulfonated dye, E102) have been shown to induce allergic-type reactions in some people. The co-presence of preservative sodium benzoate or potassium benzoate (E212) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C, E300) in soft drinks may lead to the formation of carcinogenic benzene. Preservatives sodium nitrite (E250) and sodium nitrate (E251) used in processed cured meats (e.g., ham and bacon) may be converted into nitrosamines in the stomach, which increase the risk of colorectal cancer in humans. In addition, the preservatives sulfites (e.g., sodium bisulfite [E222], sodium metabisulfite [E223], and potassium bisulfite [E228]) found in wine, beer, and dried fruit may trigger asthmatic episodes and cause migraines in some people. In Australia, about 50 of the 400 currently approved additives have been linked to adverse reactions in people.
Contact Urticaria Syndrome from Foods and Food Derivatives
Published in Ana M. Giménez-Arnau, Howard I. Maibach, Contact Urticaria Syndrome, 2014
Angèle Soria, Pascale Mathelier-Fusade
Annatto is a yellowish orange coloring used particularly in cheddar cheese, ice cream, and beverages obtained from the seeds of the tropical tree Bixa orellana; a case of anaphylaxis [88] and a case of urticaria/angioedema [89] have been reported.
Nutritional Ergogenic Aids: Introduction, Definitions and Regulatory Issues
Published in Ira Wolinsky, Judy A. Driskell, Nutritional Ergogenic Aids, 2004
Ira Wolinsky, Judy A. Driskell
Plants are not the only source of dietary carotenoids. Some animal products provide them in very bioavailable form, dispersed in digestible fat. Since cattle absorb b-carotene, milk, butter and beef liver contain considerable amounts of it, and some hard cheeses are colored with additional carotenoids (b-carotene or annatto) during processing. Chicken fat, skin, liver and eggs are rich in lutein and zeaxanthin, because the birds absorb them efficiently from feed, which is supplemented with marigold preparations. Salmon contains canthaxanthin and astaxanthin, absorbed by the fish from plankton in the wild and added to their feed in aquaculture to provide the desired flesh color. Canthaxanthin is well absorbed by humans, 62 while astaxanthin bio-availability is currently under investigation.
Bixin Triggers Apoptosis of Human Hep3B Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells: An Insight to Molecular and IN SILICO Approach
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2018
Yogesh Kumar, Alugoju Phaniendra, Latha Periyasamy
Bixa orellana L. belong to Bixaceae family, also known as annatto is a plant native to Brazil but also grow in tropical countries such as India, Peru, Mexico, Ecuador, Indonesia, Kenya, and East Africa. Annatto is the name given to red-yellow extract obtained from seeds of Bixa orellana L. Annatto has been reported to be nontoxic when administered at 540 mg of bixin/kg weight of rats (8), therefore the seeds of annatto are widely used as a natural coloring agent in food industries, especially in dairy products (9), paint and textile industries. Due to its good cutaneous tolerability, the annatto seed extract is also used as a coloring agent in cosmetics (10,11). It is also reported to exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity (12–14). In West Indian folklore annatto is commonly used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus by lowering the blood glucose levels (15) and is a potent inhibitor of lens aldose reductase and thereby it can be used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (16). Hypolipidemic effect (17), antimalarial activity (18), and anti-inflammatory activity (19) are the other pharmacological effects which are associated with annatto seed extract.