China
Africa
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Nutraceutical Herbs and Insulin Resistance
Published in Robert E.C. Wildman, Richard S. Bruno, Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 2019
Giuseppe Derosa, Pamela Maffioli
Konjac extract (KE) was refined from Amorphophallus konjac K.Koch, a kind of Chinese herb. KE is a kind of white crystal grain obtained from its tuber. Its main component is Konjac glucomannan,11 which is a kind of excellent edible fiber. It was reported12,13 that this polysaccharide could decrease total cholesterol (TC) and blood glucose, fat, and excretion. Recent studies indicated that KE could obviously improve glucose tolerance in diabetic patients and animals.14 This was confirmed by Mao et al, who showed that KE might not only improve insulin resistance and increase insulin sensitivity, but also lower fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycogen in liver and skeletal muscle, but it had no effect on the release of insulin. The experimental results revealed that KE might improve insulin sensitivity by increasing glucose usage of non-oxidation approach, not depending on the release of insulin.15
Merging konjac glucomannan with other copolymeric hydrogels as a cutting-edge liquid raft system for dual delivery of etoricoxib and famotidine
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Nabil A. Shoman, Marwa Saady, Mahmoud Teaima, Rehab Abdelmonem, Mohamed A. El-Nabarawi, Sammar Fathy Elhabal
Konjac glucomannan (KGL) is a natural, soluble, highly viscous polysaccharide fiber that is extracted from the tuber of Amorphophallus Konjac roots (Vaughn, 2012). KGL exhibits some medical characteristics like lowering cholesterol, treating constipation and diabetes, and promoting weight loss (Vaughn, 2012). Moreover, KGL can possess some anti-inflammatory effect that would synergize the effect of etoricoxib in managing pain and reduces the inflammatory mediators (Y. Zhao et al., 2020; Wei et al., 2022). One of the suggested mechanisms is the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa B pathway and possible reduction in the population of these inflammatory cells thus preventing oxidative stress and reducing inflammation (Devaraj et al., 2019; Y. Zhao et al., 2020). The other mechanism is the down-regulation of the inflammatory factor, tumor necrosis factor α, which is a potent mediator of inflammatory and immune functions (Behera & Ray, 2016; Wei et al., 2022).
An update on the safety of nutraceuticals and effects on lipid parameters
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2018
Arrigo F. G. Cicero, Alessandro Colletti
Glucomannan (Amorphophallus konjac) is a particular soluble fiber (polysaccharide consisting of glucose and mannose polymers in the ratio of 1:1.6, bound through β-1,4-glycosidic bonds). Unlike other fibers, glucomannan does not act by binding bile acids, but it seems to reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the jejunum and the absorption of bile acids in the ileum, yielding improvements in apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and plasma LDL-C levels in both adults and children [31,32]. A meta-analysis of 12 RCTs (n = 370), 8 in adults and 4 in children, shows that glucomannan significantly lowers LDL-C (MD: −13.5.35 mg/dL; 95% CI: −17.8 to −9.7 mg/dL) compared to controls [33].