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Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, Lipoprotein Disorders and other Metabolic Diseases
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Non-acute phase:Bespoke shoes to redistribute foot pressure, especially if foot deformityInternal fixation of foot bones with metal pins is sometimes used to reduce deformity
Pressure measurement
Published in Paul Grimshaw, Michael Cole, Adrian Burden, Neil Fowler, Instant Notes in Sport and Exercise Biomechanics, 2019
Thus far, only static pressure or steady-state measurements have been considered, but such techniques are useful only in applications where very slow changing conditions or equilibrium are experienced. If one were interested in the rate or pattern of change in pressure over short periods of time, dynamic pressure measurements that rely on electromechanical pressure sensors (e.g. strain gauges, variable capacitance, piezoelectric transducers) must be used. Electromechanical pressure sensors, or pressure transducers, convert motion generated by a pressure-sensitive device into an electrical signal that is proportional to the size of the applied pressure. A common application of dynamic pressure measurement in human movement is in the analysis of the pressure distribution beneath the foot during standing, walking or running. Such assessments often use thin pressure-sensitive insoles that comprise a large number of pressure sensors. These sensors allow detection of high- and low-pressure areas beneath the feet at any time point throughout the movement. This information is usually presented as a series of colours or shades that represent the different pressures (Figure G4.4a) or as a 3D graph that is characterised by bars of different heights (Figure G4.4b), each indicating the magnitude of pressure at each point. Foot pressure analysis has been widely used to investigate the effect of different types of footwear on pressure patterns and injury risk and research tends to suggest that higher pressures are indicative of a greater risk of injury.
The ankle and foot
Published in Ashley W. Blom, David Warwick, Michael R. Whitehouse, Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2017
Calluses are more diffuse keratotic plaques on the soles – either under prominent metatarsal heads or under the heel. They are seen mainly in people with ‘dropped’ metatarsal arches and claw toes, or varus or valgus heels. Treatment is much the same as for corns: it is important to redistribute foot pressure by altering the shoes, fitting pressure-relieving orthoses and ensuring that the shoes can accommodate the malshaped feet. Surgical treatment for claw toes may be needed.
Immediate effect of standing and sit-to-stand training on postural vertical for backward disequilibrium following stroke: a case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Kazuhiro Fukata, Kazu Amimoto, Masahide Inoue, Daisuke Sekine, Yuji Fujino, Shigeru Makita, Hidetoshi Takahashi
The participant’s FAC score improved from 2 to 3 after the intervention. It is a well-known that the center of foot pressure during the stance phase of walking moves from the heel to the forefoot as the leg shifts to swing phase. Considering the pathophysiology of BD, it is possible that the movement of the center of gravity to the forefoot was inhibited during the transition from the initial contact to terminal stance. It is also likely that the training aimed at moving the center of gravity in an anterior direction contributed to the improvement of walking ability by enhancing the participant’s ability to move the center of gravity to the forefoot. It will be necessary to examine muscle activity and perform motion analysis of each joint during walking in future studies. Moreover, the FAC score did not reach 5 (completely independent) after the three-day intervention, despite the improvement of the BD score. This may be due to gait imbalance suspected to have been caused by a remaining sensory impairment.
Effect of 3D printed insoles for people with flatfeet: A systematic review
Published in Assistive Technology, 2023
Aliyeh Daryabor, Toshiki Kobayashi, Hassan Saeedi, Samuel M. Lyons, Noriaki Maeda, Sedigheh Sadat Naimi
Three studies (scientific rigor score: fair to poor) reported that the immediate use of 3D printed insoles did not significantly change GRFs during walking or running (Kim & Joo, 2017; Lin et al., 2019; Mo et al., 2019). Regarding COP trajectory, two studies (score: poor) reported that 3D printed insoles shifted the COP trajectory laterally during the stance phase (Joo & Kim, 2018; Kim & Joo, 2017). Contrary to two previous studies, a quasi-experimental study indicated that the COP path during walking shifted toward the medial side by 4.3 mm under the 3D printed insole condition compared with the shoe-only condition (Lin et al., 2019). Furthermore, Lee et al. (score: fair) reported no statistically significant difference in the midfoot pressures and total foot pressure when examining dynamic plantar pressure (Lee et al., 2020).
Experimental and numerical diagnosis of fatigue foot using convolutional neural network
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Abbas Sharifi, Mohsen Ahmadi, Mohammad Amin Mehni, Saeid Jafarzadeh Ghoushchi, Yaghoub Pourasad
Anbarian and Esmaeili (2016) studied foot fatigue on new-comer runners. The experiment is conducted before and after running about the mediolateral force. García-Pérez et al. (2013) studied the relationship between fatigue and foot pressure. This study experimented with the fatigue of foot in states of running on a treadmill with specific shoes. Choi and Lee (2015) studied the impact of reflexology of foot massage on fatigue, stress, and depression. They experimentally studied some women's feet in postpartum. Results show the positive effect of reflexology massage on fatigue relief. Prabhu and Verma (2019) studied diabetic foot using segmentation techniques. They used pathophysiologic, thermal, and vascular conditions of the human body. The results of the clinical experiment show that IR thermography can diagnose diseases and their treatment. Paul et al. (2018) investigated foot muscular fatigue with the use of several types of shoes. The used ANOVA analysis to detect the effects. Kashitani (2013) presented an image processing system and method to determine object position and recognizing them. There are limited approaches to predicting foot fatigue using computer methods (Liu et al. 2015). Brehler et al. (2019) provided an automated model for the segmentation of feet. They used an active shape model to analyze foot alignment. Their presented method enhanced the accuracy of Volumatic images of organs.