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Head and Neck Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Warrenkevin Henderson, Hannah Jacobson, Noelle Purcell, Kylar Wiltz
Constrictor pharyngis medius may be fused with the superior belly of omohyoid or sternothyroid (Wood 1868). Its fibers may also connect with hyoglossus, stylohyoid, thyrohyoid, the posterior belly of the digastric, or the triticeal cartilage (Macalister 1875; Sakamoto 2009, 2014). Its fibers may interdigitate with those of stylopharyngeus (Sakamoto 2014). Accessory muscles, such as sphenopharyngeus (Wood 1868) or petropharyngeus (Macalister 1875; see the entry for this muscle), may insert into the middle constrictor. Sakamoto (2009) describes longitudinal bundles situated medial to stylopharyngeus that passed over the dorsal surface of the superior constrictor and blended with the middle constrictor.
Anatomy of Neck and Blood Supply of Brain
Published in Sudhir K. Gupta, Forensic Pathology of Asphyxial Deaths, 2022
Some of the reported anomalies of hyoid are:Anomalies in lesser horn: Elongation of lesser horns (Figures 2.5a–2.12c).Anomalies of greater horn: Asymmetry in shape and length of greater cornua; downward curved tips of greater cornua; elongated greater horns (Figures 2.13–2.15).Anomalies in the body of hyoid: Presence of one or more median process, or split median process on superior surface of the hyoid body (Figures 2.16–2.18).Presence of a triticeal cartilage in the lateral thyrohyoid ligament.Anomalies due to ankylosis: Fusion of hyoid bone with styloid process or thyroid cartilage.Present of almost circumferential hyoid bone.
Calcified carotid artery atheromas in individuals with cognitive dysfunction
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2023
Anton Jonsson, Jacob Holmer, Leif Kullman, Maria Eriksdotter, Jan Ahlqvist, Eva Levring Jäghagen, Kåre Buhlin
Two specialists in oral and maxillofacial radiology (JA and ELJ) who were blinded to information about the participants independently assessed the panoramic radiographs for CCAAs. Other structures in the same area of interest (e.g. the hyoid bone, calcified triticeal cartilage, lymph nodes, or thyroid cartilage) were differentiated from CCAA. The radiographs were analysed in a room with dim lighting using Preview software (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA) and high-resolution screens (Retina Display, 15-inch IPS-display with LED-backlight, 2880 × 1800 pixels, 220 ppi, maximum brightness 300 cd/m2, contrast ratio 900:1, colour depth 8 bits, 100% sRGB; Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA). Settings, such as contrast and brightness, were adjusted to optimize the conditions for detecting calcifications in the neck region. All CCAAs were registered for each side of the neck (left and right). In case of disagreement, the presence or absence of a CCAA was determined by consensus. The findings were then summarized as unilateral or bilateral presence and included in the statistical analyses.