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Reading of Chest Radiographs Some basic Anatomy and Physiology; including Pleural Fissures, Mediastinal Lines, The Bronchi and Para-Tracheal Lines, Hilar Anatomy, the Pulmonary Lobules, Acini and Lung Cortex, Distribution of Lung Disease in Relation to Anatomy and Physiology, Basic CT and Pathological Anatomy.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
The 'retro-tracheal' or 'posteriortrachealstripe' is due to air in the trachea, outlining its posterior inner border and air filled lung tucking behind the trachea (Fig. 1.33). It is normally 2 to 3 mm thick, but may sometimes appear thicker when the oesophagus lies behind it and is air-filled. It is then really a 'tracheo-oesophageal stripe'. It extends from the thoracic inlet to the tracheal bifurcation.
Esophageal replacement with colon
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Naziha Khen-Dunlop, Carmen Capito, Christophe Chardot, Yann Révillon
Minimal dissection of the esophagus is carried out in patients with previous esophagostomy to prevent injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerves and to minimize esophageal ischemia. If not, an oblique or transverse right neck incision is made. The neck vessels are retracted and the proximal esophagus is mobilized within the thoracic inlet.
Thorax
Published in Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott, Applied Anatomy for the FRCA, 2020
Bobby Krishnachetty, Abdul Syed, Harriet Scott
The suprapleural membrane is the dense fascial structure that is said to be flattened tendon of the scalenus minimus muscle. Its function is to provide rigidity to the thoracic inlet and prevent the changes in intrathoracic pressure during respiration causing distortion of neck structures. Also, it protects the underlying cervical pleura, and the apex of the lung beneath it. The subclavian vessels lie above the fascia.
Lymphatic malformation in larynx masquerading as respiratory papillomatosis
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2021
Contrast-Enhanced MRI was suggestive of the mixed cystic type of common (cystic) LM which demonstrated an ill-defined cystic mass in the region of the posterior wall of the hypopharynx measuring 3.8 × 2.5 cm. Mass was infiltrating the bilateral vallecula, epiglottis, and bilateral aryepiglottic folds. Bilateral pyriform fossa sinus was obliterated with severe narrowing of the supraglottic airway. The cystic mass was extending along the left lateral pharyngeal wall of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, left submandibular spaces displacing and encasing the gland. Inferiorly, it was extending along with the left anterior strap muscles into the thoracic inlet. Another 2.6 × 1.4 cm ill-defined cystic area was also noted in the left paratracheal region with mass effect and right lateral displacement of the trachea (Figures 3 and 4).
The Glasgow Prognostic Score and fibrinogen to albumin ratio as prognostic factors in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2021
Mutlu Kuluöztürk, Figen Deveci, Teyfik Turgut, Önsel Öner
High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of thorax CT scans were evaluated while screening for pulmonary lesions. All the images were obtained via a 256-slice CT device (Revolution TM CT; General Electric Healthcare Company, Chicago, Illinois, USA). The CT scans were recorded while patients were at the end of inspiration and in the supine position. The axial images were obtained craniocaudally, and they covered the body parts from the thoracic inlet to the diaphragm. No contrast media was used during the scans. In the scans, the technical parameters for HRCT and thorax CT included 120 kV, 250 mA, 0.625 slice thickness, and 512 × 512 matrix. The reconstructed images were also obtained and used in the current study. A chest radiology specialist (Aydin AM, who had 23 years of experience in the profession) reviewed the thorax CT images. The thorax CT images were evaluated with both mediastinal (width: 350 HU, level: 40 HU) and lung (width: 1400 HU, level: −500 HU) window level settings.
Efficacy and safety of single-session radiofrequency ablation for intrathoracic goiter: preliminary results and short-term evaluation
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2021
Pi-Ling Chiang, Wei-Che Lin, Hsiu-Ling Chen, Sheng-Dean Luo, Meng-Hsiang Chen, Wei-Chih Chen, Yen-Hsiang Chang, Chen-Kai Chou, Yan-Ye Su, Yu-Cheng Tung, Wen-Chieh Chen, Shun-Yu Chi, Jung Hwan Baek
The 16 ITG were classified into three grades and three types using the CT cross-sectional imaging (CSI) classification system [10]. The classification of an ITG based on a CT scan considers three dimensions of space: the cranio-caudal (sagittal), anteroposterior (axial), and latero-lateral (coronal) planes. Classification into the cranio-caudal plane is based on the lower margin of the thyroid, as follows: grade 1 (the inferior margin is between the thoracic inlet and the aortic arch convexity, Figure 2); grade 2 (the inferior margin is between the aortic arch convexity and concavity, Figure 3); and grade 3 (the inferior margin is below the aortic arch concavity). Classification in the anteroposterior plane is based on the relation of the main mass of the thyroid gland and the aortic arch or its branches and the trachea, as follows: type A (prevascular, Figure 2); type B (retrovascular-paratracheal, Figure 3); and type C (retrotracheal, Figure 4). The latero-lateral extension is classified as monolateral (only one lobe extends into the thoracic inlet), and bilateral (both lobes extend into the thoracic inlet).