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Pelvis and perineum
Published in Aida Lai, Essential Concepts in Anatomy and Pathology for Undergraduate Revision, 2018
Attachments of superficial transverse perineal muscle– origin: ischial tuberosity and ramus– insertion: perineal body– nerve SS: pudendal n. (S2–4)
Anatomy of the vulva
Published in Miranda A. Farage, Howard I. Maibach, The Vulva, 2017
Aikaterini Deliveliotou, George Creatsas
Three types of muscle exist in the vulva: The ischiocavernosus muscle compresses the crura and lowers the clitoris. It originates from the ischial tuberosity and inserts at the ischiopubic bone.The bulbocavernosus muscle compresses the vestibular bulb and dorsal vein of the clitoris. It originates from the perineal body and inserts into the posterior aspect of the clitoris; some fibers pass above the dorsal vein of the clitoris in a sling-like fashion.The superficial transverse perineal muscle holds the perineal body fixed. It originates from the ischial tuberosity and inserts at the central perineal tendon.
Birth Injuries, Maternal
Published in Tony Hollingworth, Differential Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynaecology: An A-Z, 2015
The anal triangle is posterior, and includes the anal sphincter and ischiorectal fossae. The perineal body is a fibromuscular area between the vagina and the anal canal in which there is interlacing of muscle fibres from the bulbospongiosus, the superficial transverse perineal muscle, and the external anal sphincter muscle.
Female genito-pelvic reflexes: an overview
Published in Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 2019
Symen K. Spoelstra, Esther R. Nijhuis, Willibrord C. M. Weijmar Schultz, Janniko R. Georgiadis
The main somatic nerve of the perineum is the pudendal nerve, which has somatosensory and somatomotor tributaries, and which divides into three main branches (inferior rectal, perineal, dorsal penile/clitoral) at the level of the levator ani muscle. The muscles that embryonically derive from the cloacal sphincter (external anal and urethral sphincter, superficial transverse perineal muscle, bulbocavernosus muscle and ischiocavernosus muscle) are all innervated by pudendal nerve fibres originating in a specialized sacral motor neuronal pool called Onuf's nucleus (Iwata, Inoue, & Mannen, 1993; Onuf, 1899). As Onuf motoneurons innervate striated muscles but also are known to be relatively unaffected by somatic motoneuron diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Mannen, Iwata, Toyokura, & Nagashima, 1977), they have been proposed to be of a mixed somatic/autonomic type (Kihira, Yoshida, Yoshimasu, Wakayama, & Yase, 1997). Interestingly, the pudendal nerve seems less involved in the innervation of the levator ani muscle. A separate nerve, the “levator ani nerve” (Wallner, Maas, Dabhoiwala, Lamers, & De Ruiter, 2010), arising from the ventral ramus of the third and fourth sacral nerves, is held to innervate the pelvic diaphragm. In at least 50% of cadavers studied, the pudendal nerve also contributed to innervation of the levator ani muscle, especially in regards to the medial portions (puborectal and pubococcygeal muscles) (Rock JA, 2003).