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Head and Neck Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Warrenkevin Henderson, Hannah Jacobson, Noelle Purcell, Kylar Wiltz
The absence of rectus capitis posterior minor may lead to a lack of coordination among the suboccipital muscles while balancing the head or contribute to cervicogenic headaches (Nayak et al. 2011). The myodural communication between rectus capitis posterior minor and the dorsal spinal dura may help resist dural infolding (Hack et al. 1995). Surgical separation of this myodural connection can provide relief from chronic headache (Hack and Hallgren 2004). The rectus capitis posterior minor myodural bridge may influence the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (Yuan et al. 2016).
The Modern Conceptualization of Unexplained Symptoms
Published in Peter Manu, The Psychopathology of Functional Somatic Syndromes, 2020
The criteria set chosen by this group of experts combined the subjective report of widespread pain with tenderness at 11 of 18 (i.e., nine pairs) musculoskeletal sites. The nine pairs of sites at which tenderness must be sought include the suboccipital muscle insertion; the anterior aspect of the intertransverse spaces of the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical vertebrae; the midpoint of the upper border of the trapezius muscle; the scapula spine near the medial border; the second costochondral junction; 2 cm distal to the ulnar epicondyle; the anterior fold of the gluteal muscle in the upper quadrant of the buttock; the greater trochanter, posterior to its prominence; and the medial fat pad proximal to the joint line of the knee. This construct had a sensitivity of 88 percent and a specificity of 98 percent.
Trunk
Published in Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno, Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology, 2018
Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno
The suboccipital muscles are innervated by dorsal rami and lie deep to the back muscles named the splenius capitis and semispinalis capitis (Plate 3.31a). They include, among others, the obliquus capitis inferior muscle (spinous processes of C2 to transverse processes of C1), the obliquus capitis superior muscle (transverse processes of C1 to occipital bone), and the rectus capitis posterior major muscle (spinous processes of C2 to occipital bone), which form the boundaries of the suboccipital triangle. Medial to these is the rectus capitis posterior minor, which extends from the posterior tubercle of the atlas to the occipital bone. These muscles extend and laterally bend the head at the atlanto-occipital joints, and rotate the head at the atlanto-axial joints. In the suboccipital triangle lie the vertebral artery and the suboccipital nerve (unique among dorsal primary rami in that it has no cutaneous distribution).
Influence of clinical experience on accuracy and safety of obliquus capitus inferior dry needling in unembalmed cadavers
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Gary A. Kearns, Troy L. Hooper, Jean-Michel Brismée, Brad Allen, Micah Lierly, Kerry K. Gilbert, Timothy J. Pendergrass, Deborah Edwards
The few publications (Bond and Kinslow, 2015; Escaloni, Butts, and Dunning, 2018; Fernández-de-las-peñas et al., 2020; Kamali, Mohamadi, Fakheri, and Mohammednejad, 2019; Sedighi, Ansari, and Naghdi, 2017) that investigated dry needling the suboccipital region have variability in detail and technique used. Two investigations (Escaloni, Butts, and Dunning, 2018; Fernández-de-las-peñas et al., 2020) used an inferior needle inclination while one (Sedighi, Ansari, and Naghdi, 2017) used a cranial needle inclination targeting the OCI. A second investigation (Bond and Kinslow, 2015) used a cranial needle inclination, but targeted the suboccipital musculature attaching to nuchal line as opposed to the OCI. Another investigation (Kamali, Mohamadi, Fakheri, and Mohammednejad, 2019) did not specify the specific suboccipital muscle or technique used. None attempted to investigate or report risks associated with dry needling the suboccipital region.
Dry needling as a novel intervention for cervicogenic somatosensory tinnitus: a case study
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Aaron Womack, Raymond Butts, James Dunning
Physical therapy has been considered as an intervention for CST in only a limited number of studies (Latifpour, Grenner, and Sjodahl, 2009; Michiels et al., 2016; Oostendorp et al., 2016a; Sanchez and Rocha, 2011). Latifpour, Grenner, and Sjodahl (2009) reported a greater improvement in tinnitus loudness after application of stretching, posture exercises, and acupuncture compared to controls. Sanchez and Rocha (2011) also reviewed five case reports in which cervical spine mobilizations and stretching of suboccipital muscles decreased the intensity of the tinnitus in five patients. Michiels et al. (2016) reported that multimodal physical therapy targeting the cervical spine improved symptoms of subjective tinnitus. Oostendorp et al. (2016a) further recommended a combined approach consisting of physical therapy and patient-based tinnitus education for subjective tinnitus and tinnitus-related sensitization.
Effects of an active intervention based on myofascial release and neurodynamics in patients with chronic neck pain: a randomized controlled trial
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Irene Cabrera-Martos, Janet Rodríguez-Torres, Laura López-López, Esther Prados-Román, María Granados-Santiago, Marie Carmen Valenza
Primary outcome measure values are shown in Table 2. Between-group comparisons showed no significant differences at baseline in the percentage of active trigger points per muscle and side (p > .05). Significant changes were found in the TrP examination after the 4-week intervention program. Specifically, there was a significant reduction bilaterally in the percentage of active myofascial trigger points in the suboccipital muscle (p = .002 in the right and p = .001 in the left muscle) and the levator scapulae muscle (p = .007 in the right and p = .001 in the left muscle). A significant reduction was also found in the percentage of active myofascial trigger points in the left scalene muscle (p = .027). Interestingly, in the left levator scapulae muscle, the percentage dropped from 93.8% at baseline to 31.2% at post-intervention, compared to the control group (92.7 to 92.4%). No significant differences were found in the trapezius muscle (p = .264 in the right and p = .385 in the left muscle).