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Low Back Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
Lumbar spinal stenosis is the condition of a narrowing passageway within the spine whereby the nerve roots leaving the spinal column are compressed. It is another common cause of sciatica. Some people with spinal stenosis may not have symptoms.
Spinal injuries
Published in Helen Whitwell, Christopher Milroy, Daniel du Plessis, Forensic Neuropathology, 2021
The forces to which the spinal column is subjected during injury can be (1) compression, (2) flexion, (3) extension, (4) distraction, (5) rotation and (6) shearing. The consequent damage will depend upon the level of the spine exposed to such energies and whether they act in isolation or combination. Penetrating injuries, from knife, bullet or impalement wounds, form a separate category, within which individual injuries may be difficult to categorise; neurological injury is a common consequence but skeletal stability is usually maintained.
Multiple Myeloma
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Spinal cord compression is an emergency requiring immediate imaging with an MRI (and often CT scan) and urgent discussion with both a spinal surgeon and radiotherapist. Instability of the spinal column is usually an indication for urgent spinal surgery.
A comparison of intervertebral ligament properties utilized in a thoracic spine functional unit through kinematic evaluation
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Michael Polanco, Stacie Ringleb, Michel Audette, Rumit Kakar, Sebastian Bawab
While ligaments are realistically three-dimensional (Weiss et al. 2005), the strain-rate dependent nature of ligaments is difficult to accurately characterize in commercial FE codes (Troyer et al. 2012). Consequentially, most clinical model studies have sufficiently simplified ligaments to one-dimensional entities. Using assumed attachments and geometric conversion factors such as unstretched length and cross-sectional area, their incorporation in this specific model led to compatibility with experimental data in most cases; however, as certain ligaments such as the PLL tend to be thicker but narrower in the thoracic spine, more complete ligament representations may have enhanced motion response kinematically, as evidenced by compliance in flexion relative to in-vitro data when the PLL was left intact (Wilke et al. 2020). Additionally, spinal flexibility is subject-specific and varies along the spinal column (White and Panjabi 1990, p. 107) likely due to key geometric features such as disc height and CV joint presence, which may affect the kinematic response influenced by specific intervertebral ligaments. Future work should investigate ligament behavior along various regions of the spine. Nonetheless, the results suggest that ligament material characteristics may be utilized regardless of the harvested spinal region with consideration of load regimes appropriate for the spinal region of interest (Wilke et al. 1998) and appropriately scaling ligament dimensions such as cross-sectional area for the thoracic column.
Relationship between kyphosis and cough strength and respiratory function of community-dwelling elderly
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Hiromichi Takeda, Yoshihiro Yamashina, Kazuyuki Tabira
On the other hand, kyphosis is a feature of morphological changes of the chest and spinal column associated with aging (Milne and Lauder, 1974). Though there is no standardized definition of kyphosis, its estimated prevalence is between 20% and 40% among the elderly (Kado et al., 2004; Ryan and Fried, 1997; Takahashi et al., 2005). Compared with non-kyphosis, kyphosis significantly reduces forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), VC, and thoracic mobility. Several studies have reported an association between the degree of kyphosis and the percentage predicted FEV1 dose, VC, and thoracic mobility (Culham, Jimenez, and King, 1994; Leech et al., 1990; Lombardi et al., 2005; Schlaich et al., 1998). A systematic review suggested that a restrictive pattern in pulmonary function predominates and that this is directly related to the clinical measures of kyphosis (Harrison, Siminoski, Vethanayagam, and Majumdar, 2007). Therefore, kyphosis may reduce the force of coughing by affecting factors related to CPF.
Current epidemiological profile and characteristics of traumatic cervical spinal cord injury in Nanchang, China
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2022
Fanhui Wu, Yibin Zheng, Bingkai Ren, Leiwen Huang, Dong Yang
Regarding treatment of the TCSCI patients, 660 cases received decompression and internalfixation, whereas 630 cases were treated with traction, rehabilitation therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, neurotrophic medicine such as Neurotropin, hormonotherapy with methylpredniso- lone, bed rest or other non-surgical treatment. The number of patients undergoing surgery is increasing from 2012 to 2018, P = 0.02, there is considered to be statistically significant. We thought that the reasons for the increase in the proportion of surgical patients are as follows. First, the number of TCSCI patients is increasing every year. Second, cervical decompression surgery is prevalent, and surgeons pay more attention to cervical decompression surgery. The most common neurological level of TCSCI observed in the present study was C5, which accounted for 24.3% of the total 1290 cases, followed by C6 (16.8%) and C4 (13.6%). These results are in agreement with those of other studies.9,11,13 The present findings suggest that C4, C5, and C6 injuries have a high frequency. The structures of the spinal column and the mechanisms of fractures determine the injury severity and level. These results might suggest that the cervical vertebra have poor mechanical stability, and that the cervical spine is therefore more susceptible to trauma than any other areas of the vertebral column. Indeed, among the cervical vertebra, the most mobile motion segments are C4–C6, which are the most frequently injured.