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Research with Human Subjects:
Published in Lynne M. Bianchi, Research during Medical Residency, 2022
Lynne M. Bianchi, Joyce Babyak, Robert Maholic
Examples: (a) hair and nail clippings in a non-disfiguring manner; (b) deciduous teeth at time of exfoliation or if routine patient care indicates a need for extraction; (c) permanent teeth if routine patient care indicates a need for extraction; (d) excreta and external secretions (including sweat); (e) un-cannulated saliva collected either in an unstimulated fashion or stimulated by chewing gumbase or wax or by applying a dilute citric solution to the tongue; (f) placenta removed at delivery; (g) amniotic fluid obtained at the time of rupture of the membrane prior to or during labor; (h) supra- and subgingival dental plaque and calculus, provided the collection procedure is not more invasive than routine prophylactic scaling of the teeth and the process is accomplished in accordance with accepted prophylactic techniques; (i) mucosal and skin cells collected by buccal scraping or swab, skin swab, or mouth washings; (j) sputum collected after saline mist nebulization.
Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Amaury Pozos-Guillén, Héctor Flores
This condition has a clinical impact since an early loss of a permanent tooth in young patients has consequences ranging from aesthetic problems, alterations of the function and bone development of the jaws, problems with phonetics, respiration and mastication, to severe effects of the psychosocial development of the patients. Significant advances have been made in the field of caries management, leading to a better understanding of the mineralization process of the teeth and the biological behavior of the dentin-pulp complex. It is evident that the dentin-pulp complex is able to adapt to a variety of stimuli that generate defense responses to maintain its vitality, and the main role of the dentin-pulp complex is to form defense dentin. It is a new paradigm advocating the complete replacement of compromised tissue, based on tissue engineering rather than traditional restoration.
The Digestive (Gastrointestinal) System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
The teeth are classified as either deciduous (from the Latin meaning "falling off"), commonly referred to as milk teeth or baby teeth, or permanent. Both sets are normally present in the gums at birth; the permanent teeth lying below the deciduous. Each jaw holds sixteen teeth: four incisors, two canines (eye teeth), four premolars, and six molars (millstone teeth). The teeth are held in their sockets by bundles of connective tissue called periodontal ligaments extending from the alveolar bone to the cement of the tooth.
Is the third molar erupting at a younger age than before?
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2022
Eveliina Tuovinen, Marja Ekholm, Irja Ventä
Several factors are reported to influence the emergence of permanent teeth, including genetics, gender, nutrition, preterm birth, socioeconomic factors, body height and weight, craniofacial morphology, hormonal factors, and various systemic diseases [28]. Of these factors, at least improved socioeconomic status, better nutrition and the resultant weight gain have occurred in Finland over the past few decades [29,30]. In contrast, the subjects of the study of Rantanen [1] lived their childhood during the Great Depression in the 1930s followed by the Second World War. However, only a few studies on third molars and environmental or social factors affecting their eruption are published. Among Ugandan adolescents, overweigh but not socioeconomic status is shown to influence early eruption of the mandibular third molar [31]. According to a Portuguese study on subjects aged 6–27 years, higher socioeconomic status showed consistent advancement in the maturation of third molars in the late crown formation and early root formation stages [32]. Related to the first and second permanent molars, a nationally representative US study showed an association with obesity and earlier emergence of these teeth [33].
Association between asthma and severe tooth loss in the adult population of the United States
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2022
Parth D. Shah, Victor M. Badner
Tooth loss is the terminal outcome which reflects affected individual’s history of dental diseases, attitude toward oral health, and access-to-care status. It is an important public health issue because it impacts the overall health and the quality of life (1–4). Beyond damaging the masticatory function, phonation, and esthetics, severe tooth loss may lead to poor diet and nutrition (5–8). Not only does it affect the oral cavity, tooth loss is also associated with poor health outcomes like cardiovascular diseases (9–11), cognitive impairment (12), nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (13), and malnutrition in chronic kidney disease (14). According to a report from the National Center for Health Statistics, more than half of the U.S. adults aged 20–64 years did not have all of their permanent teeth (excluding third molars) in 2011–2012 (15). Overall, nearly 1 in 6 older adults aged ≥ 65 years in the U.S. had lost all of their teeth during 2011–2016 (16).
Cost-effectiveness of pulp capping and root canal treatment of young permanent teeth
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2019
Joséphine Brodén, Thomas Davidson, Helena Fransson
Despite the accepted approach of minimally invasive restorative dentistry, excavation of deep caries can lead to a pulp exposure, even with stepwise excavation [1]. In a Scandinavian randomized clinical trial comparing stepwise and immediate complete caries excavation, pulpal exposure was recorded in 17.5% of the 156 teeth randomized to stepwise excavation [2]. The aim of treatment of carious exposures in the permanent teeth of children should ideally be to retain the tooth in a healthy state throughout life. In clinical practice, there are two main approaches to the treatment of an exposed vital pulp: pulp capping (direct pulp capping and partial pulpotomy) and root canal treatment (also referred to as a pulpectomy). Pulp capping is the less invasive approach: the aim is to maintain the vitality of the tooth by application of a capping material to the exposed pulp. Pulpectomy is more invasive: the vital pulp tissue is extirpated, the walls are mechanically debrided and the root canal space is obturated. At present, little is known about the relative cost-effectiveness of these two treatment options in cariously exposed young permanent teeth in Scandinavian conditions.