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Specific Synonyms
Published in Terence R. Anthoney, Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam, 2017
Paracentral gyrus (N&D, p. 7) Paracentral lobule (B&K, p. 219)See, also, D: Paracentral lobule.
Structure and Function of the Lower Urinary Tract
Published in Anthony R. Mundy, John M. Fitzpatrick, David E. Neal, Nicholas J. R. George, The Scientific Basis of Urology, 2010
Clearly, as this is largely an autonomic event, parasympathetically mediated, the hypothalamus is important, and this is the second of the five centers. The third is the paracentral lobule of the cerebral cortex, which is responsible for the control of the pelvic floor musculature. The importance of this center becomes manifest in spastic conditions such as congenital cerebral palsy, in which failure of relaxation can cause quite severe voiding difficulties. The normal physiological role of other related areas of the brain, such as the basal ganglia, is not clear, although diseases that affect these areas, such as Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy, have obvious adverse effects.
Assessing mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention for tinnitus using behavioural measures and structural MRI: a pilot study
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2019
Fatima T. Husain, Benjamin Zimmerman, Yihsin Tai, Megan K. Finnegan, Emily Kay, Faaiza Khan, Christopher Menard, Robyn L. Gobin
Due to the small sample size in the study, volumetric differences between assessment points were analysed at the cluster level. A liberal voxel threshold of p < 0.001 was used, and a cluster extent threshold of k = 11 was used based on the predicted number of voxels per cluster in SPM. Multiple comparison correction using family-wise error correction was completed at the cluster level. For the post-intervention compared to pre-intervention imaging, one significant cluster peak remained encompassing the left paracentral lobule. For the follow-up compared to pre-intervention session, two significant cluster peaks remained encompassing parts of the bilateral superior frontal gyri. Summary information is shown in Table 6 and the clusters are visualised in Figure 4(a) and Figure 4(b).
The effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure in adults with eating disorders
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2019
Alessio Maria Monteleone, Palmiero Monteleone, Fabrizio Esposito, Anna Prinster, Valeria Ruzzi, Antonietta Canna, Marco Aiello, Francesco Di Salle, Mario Maj
The paracentral lobule is located on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere, and includes parts of both the frontal and parietal lobes. It is part of the somatosensory network, which is involved in the processing of the stimuli from the own body, which is relevant for ED psychopathology, since, as suggested by a recent psychopathological perspective, disturbances in the way persons experience their own body (embodiment) and determine their personal identity could be central in ED psychopathology (Stanghellini et al. 2012). Therefore, the reduced GM volume of these structures found in Mal ED patients may be relevant for the development of central aspects ED psychopathology.
Neuromonitoring Guided Vessel Identification in Iatrogenic Arterial Injury During Meningioma Resection
Published in The Neurodiagnostic Journal, 2023
Justin W. Silverstein, Harshal A. Shah, Jason A. Ellis, Randy S. D’Amico
The utility of MEPs in identifying ischemia during craniotomy is not a novel phenomenon, and their utility in preventing iatrogenic neurologic sequelae during brain tumor surgery is well documented (Kombos et al. 2001; Lee et al. 2014; Zhang et al. 2018). This case study illustrates how an MEP response amplitude attenuation in the right lower extremity quickly implicated the ACA complex contralateral to the surgical approach as the region of vascular compromise. The injury likely occurred due to traction of the tumor and subsequent unknown attachment to the contralateral ACA. Branches of the ACA supply the medial paracentral lobule, where lower extremity motor and somatosensory cortices are located (Kakou et al. 2000; Meyer 1999; Rabai et al. 2022; Ugur et al. 2005). Injury to the ACA can interrupt flow in cortical branches of the ACA supplying the lower extremity cortices (Sako et al. 1998). This reasoning allowed the neurophysiologist and surgeon to quickly deduce the affected vascular structures, and expeditiously intervene. It is noteworthy that the SSEP response amplitudes remained stable and relatively unchanged throughout the procedure. The sensory cortical field lies peripheral to the motor field, relative to the ACA supply which could be a possible explanation as to why the SSEPs did not deviate. Therefore, sensory regions may receive collateral flow through the leptomeningeal branches and be less affected by compromised ACA flow (Rabai et al. 2022). TCMEPs generally have very high specificity and false-positive alerts are rare (Kombos et al. 2001; Lee et al. 2014; Zhang et al. 2018). This case further reinforces the important role that MEP monitoring plays in the surgeon’s armamentarium, and how appropriate interpretation of the NM data can guide the surgeon to the appropriate surgical intervention.