China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Examination of Pediatric Elbow
Published in Nirmal Raj Gopinathan, Clinical Orthopedic Examination of a Child, 2021
Karthick Rangasamy, Nirmal Raj Gopinathan, Pebam Sudesh
The olecranon is the most prominent bony landmark felt posteriorly in a flexed elbow and palpated by moving the fingers proximally along the subcutaneous border of the ulna. It may be tender in an olecranon fracture, and abnormal projection of the olecranon process posteriorly may be seen in an SC humerus fracture in children and posterior dislocation of the elbow in adults. Swelling resulting from olecranon bursitis (student’s elbow) will be more distinct and sharply demarcated like a “goose egg” over the olecranon process. Olecranon apophysitis may present as a point of tenderness in the olecranon and along with triceps insertion due to overuse.
SBA Answers and Explanations
Published in Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury, SBAs for the MRCS Part A, 2018
Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury
Triceps attaches to the olecranon and is responsible for extension of the elbow. If olecranon fractures are treated conservatively, an excellent range of movement can be achieved; however, functional outcome is impaired because of a lack of power of extension. This would be most apparent pushing up against gravity, as one has to do when pushing out of a chair. Brushing hair, reaching into cupboards, and pouring kettles are functions mainly achieved by movements of the shoulder, while fastening buttons requires dexterity and may be adversely affected by injuries to the wrist or hand.
Single best answer (SBA)
Published in Tristan Barrett, Nadeem Shaida, Ashley Shaw, Adrian K. Dixon, Radiology for Undergraduate Finals and Foundation Years, 2018
Tristan Barrett, Nadeem Shaida, Ashley Shaw, Adrian K. Dixon
A 38-year-old man presents with elbow pain after a fall. AP and lateral radiographs demonstrate the presence of an 8 mm anterior fat pad and a posterior fat pad. No obvious fracture line can be identified. Which of the following is most likely? Ulna fracture.No fracture.Olecranon fracture.Radial head fracture.Humeral shaft fracture.
Four-weeks daily intake of oral collagen hydrolysate results in improved skin elasticity, especially in sun-exposed areas: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Wich Sangsuwan, Pravit Asawanonda
The primary outcome was the changes in skin elasticity at 4 weeks compared with baseline. Four sites: left and right cheeks and left and right upper inner arms were specifically chosen to represent sun-exposed and sun-protected areas, respectively. Skin elasticity was measured by cutometer dual MPA 580 (Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbH, Köln, Germany) applying noninvasive suction principle. The measurements were performed in triplicates in each area. Skin elasticity is represented by R7 value which is calculated from portion of the elasticity compared to the complete curve. The closer the value to 1 (100%) means the higher elasticity of the skin. Measurement point representing cheek area was at mid-point between tragus and corner of the mouth. The spot for the arm was mid-point between acromion angle and olecranon. Skin elasticity of both areas was measured at four visits including weeks 0, 2, 4, and 8. The measurement at week 8; 4 weeks after discontinuation of study agents was our secondary outcome to determine the longevity of therapeutic effects.
Determining the development stage of the ossification centers around the elbow may aid in deciding whether to use ESIN or not in adolescents’ forearm shaft fractures
Published in Acta Orthopaedica, 2021
Markus Stöckell, Tytti Pokka, Nicolas Lutz, Juha-Jaakko Sinikumpu
The main finding of this study was that the higher development stage of the olecranon ossification center, in particular, can be used to estimate the probability of impaired union of a forearm shaft fracture, when treated with ESIN. By using the method by Sauvegrain and Diméglio, we found that olecranon ossification center 6 or higher was associated with impaired ossification in 4 out of 20 patients. This means that a rectangular or fused olecranon ossification center rather than the more immature convex half-moon or lacking olecranon apophysis in the lateral radiographs may be associated with low-quality fracture healing, if ESIN is performed. In practical terms, the olecranon ossification center is easily seen on the conventional lateral view of the forearm radiograph and no extra radiographs are needed. 1 in 5 patients suffering from impaired ossification is a recognized number, given that most childhood fractures heal fast, meaning that our finding is clinically important.
Different Methods to Assess the Nutritional Status of Alzheimer Patients
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2021
Magdalena Martínez-Tomé, M Antonia Murcia, Claudia Rosario, Miguel Mariscal-Arcas, Antonia M Jiménez-Monreal
The height was determined with the subject’s head in the Frankfurt plane, taking measurements first thing in the morning. The subjects were measured in bare feet and light underwear. Biacromial diameter was measured by the observer standing behind the examinee, who was standing without support. The observer located the outermost edges of the acromial process by following the scapular spines laterally and forward. The bi-iliac diameter was obtained between the outer edges of the upper iliac bones. Mid-arm was measured at the level of the triceps skinfold and flexed mid-upper-arm circumference (midpoint between the acromion and the olecranon processes) was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm with the examinee’s right arm flexed 90° at the elbow. Waist circumference was measured in the standing position between the top iliac crest and the lower rib margin on each side. Hip circumference was measured in the horizontal plane at the level of the maximal extension of the buttocks. Calf circumference was measured at the level of maximum calf circumference, on the medial aspect of the calf (9).