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Firearms, Ballistics and Gunshot Wounds
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner, Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner
Yaw is defined as the linear oscillation of the bullet around the axis of the trajectory and can be thought of as ‘wobble’. Precession is the helical rotation or spiralling of the nose of the projectile around the axis of the trajectory. Nutation is the small oscillations of the nose in the rotational arc of precession. Of these types of projectile instability, the most significant is yaw.5 However, during the flight of modern bullets, yaw is negligible and is probably less than 2° at most.6
Firearms, ballistics and gunshot wounds
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Chris Wright, Trauma Care Pre-Hospital Manual, 2018
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Chris Wright
Yaw is defined as the linear oscillation of the bullet around the axis of the trajectory and can be thought of as ‘wobble’. Precession is the helical rotation or spiralling of the nose of the projectile around the axis of the trajectory. Nutation is the small oscillations of the nose from the rotational arc of precession. Of these types of projectile instability, the most significant is yaw (5). However, during the flight of modern bullets, yaw is negligible and is probably less than 2°. (Figure 20.3) (6).
Fascial Syndromes
Published in Kohlstadt Ingrid, Cintron Kenneth, Metabolic Therapies in Orthopedics, Second Edition, 2018
First treatment: The SBL (see section titled ‘Anatomy and the Fascial System’) was chosen to provide immediate relief and gauge the patient’s response. As the right side of the lower SBL was locked long and the left side was locked short, lengthening and differential techniques to promote glide between muscles were used on the left. Sacral multifidi treated with appropriate compression and slow nutation and counter-nutation. Given the probability of herniation, the erector spinae group was treated by putting the patient in supported spinal flexion with deep breathing providing the requisite stretch. Sub-occipitals release.
Rapid discovery of diverse neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from large-scale synthetic phage libraries
Published in mAbs, 2022
Tom Z. Yuan, Pankaj Garg, Linya Wang, Jordan R. Willis, Eric Kwan, Ana G Lujan Hernandez, Emily Tuscano, Emily N. Sever, Erica Keane, Cinque Soto, Eric M. Mucker, Mallorie E. Fouch, Edgar Davidson, Benjamin J. Doranz, Shweta Kailasan, M. Javad Aman, Haoyang Li, Jay W. Hooper, Erica Ollmann Saphire, James E. Crowe, Qiang Liu, Fumiko Axelrod, Aaron K. Sato
Phage particles were blocked with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with 5% BSA and depleted for nonspecific binders on M-280 streptavidin coated magnetic beads (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Biotinylated SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein (Acro S1N-C82E8) was mixed with M-280 beads (100 nM per 1 mg bead), washed with PBS/0.5% Tween to remove unbound protein and used as panning target for four rounds of panning. Phage supernatant depleted of nonspecific binders were transferred to bead mixture containing bound biotinylated SARS-CoV-2 S1 and allowed to bind for 1 hour at RT to select for binders with gentle nutation. Following incubation, beads were washed several times with PBS/0.5% Tween to remove non-binding clones. Remaining bound phage were eluted trypsin in PBS buffer for 30 minutes at 37°C. The output supernatant enriched in binding clones was amplified in TG1 E. coli cells to use as input phage for the next round of selection, with each round increasing the wash cycles and lowering the total amount of antigen present.
The long and winding road: stem cells for cystic fibrosis
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2018
Massimo Conese, Elisa Beccia, Stefano Castellani, Sante Di Gioia, Carla Colombo, Antonella Angiolillo, Annalucia Carbone
Current therapies for CF aim to cure the respiratory infections with antibiotics and to make the children grow adequately via the administration of pancreatic enzymes [19]. Anti-inflammatory treatments given by aerosol or orally are contrasted by several side effects [20]. A collaborative effort made by the North-American CF Foundation with Vertex Pharmaceuticals has produced the first personalized treatments for CF [21,22]. These are directed either to allow a correct expression of CFTR channels on the cell membrane (called ‘correctors’) or to increase their low function (called ‘potentiators’). Beside the conspicuous cost of these drugs [23], each of them is only tailored for patients bearing specific types of CFTR mutations. The potentiator icavaftor (also known as VX-770 or Kalydeco®) has produced clinically relevant results in the pulmonary function of CF patients with G551D mutation (class III) both in adults and children, but not in F508del subjects [24]. The corrector lumacaftor (previously known as VX-809) reduced elevated sweat chloride values while did not improve lung function in patients bearing the F508del nutation in homozygosis [25]. To compound the effect of ivacaftor and lumacaftor, a combination of the two (Orkambi®) was used in F508del patients, although only a modest improvement (~3%) was observed for FEV1% predicted [26]. It is noteworthy that two phase II trials studied the corrector tezacaftor (VX-661) and the potentiator ivacaftor in combination with either VX-440 or VX-152, two next-generation correctors, in CF patients who are either homozygous or heterozygous for the F508del mutation (NCT02951182 and NCT02951195, respectively [27]). Results are encouraging, showing the highest improvement of lung function so far observed [28].