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The patient with acute neurological problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
The neurone cell body is similar to other cells and contains a nucleus with a prominent nucleolus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, free ribosomes and rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes, all surrounded by cytoplasm and contained by a cell membrane. Neurones synthesise vast amounts of protein to maintain cell membrane proteins, intracellular organelles and neurotransmitters and to support the neural processes that extend from the cell body. Protein is synthesised by large numbers of free ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum called Nissl bodies or granules.
Micronutrients in Healthy Aging and Age-Related Decline in Organ Functions
Published in Kedar N. Prasad, Micronutrients in Health and Disease, 2019
The degeneration of lumbar intervertebral disc is associated with aging. In order to investigate the role of oxidative stress in this disease, youth, adult, and geriatric rats were used. The results showed that the levels of antioxidant enzyme SOD gradually declined with age in both serum and intervertebral disc, whereas the levels of MDA and advanced oxidation of protein products (AOPPs), markers of oxidative damage, increased.49 Loss of bones was also associated with increased levels of AOPPs and MDA and decreased levels of SOD in older rats.50 In senescence-accelerated mouse 10 (SAMP10), the levels of SOD decreased and the levels of MDA increased in the brain tissue. These biochemical changes were associated with deceased thickness of cortical regions and the number of Nissl bodies.51
Anatomy and Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System
Published in Kenneth J. Broadley, Autonomic Pharmacology, 2017
The cell bodies of peripheral autonomic nerves located outside the CNS are grouped together in ganglia. The cell bodies are encapsulated in satellite or glial cells which are equivalent to the Schwann cells. The outer surface of the cell body does not therefore come into direct contact with the surrounding connective tissue or extracellular space. Under electron microscopy, the cell body can be seen to contain the nucleus and several organelles essential for metabolism, growth, repair and synthesis of neurotransmitters. These organelles include the Nissl bodies (chromatophilic substance) which consists of the rough ER. This is a network of tubules that branch thoughout the cytoplasm to circulate materials and store enzymes. Being rough ER, attached to the outer surface are ribosomes which are the sites of protein synthesis. Also present are mitochondria, neurotubules (microtubules), neurofilaments and the Golgi apparatus. The latter is connected to the Nissl bodies and is the site to which proteins are transferred, sorted and packaged in vesicles. They are transported to the axon terminal along the neurotubules together with vesicles containing neurotransmitter precursors. The neurofilaments in the cell body extend into the axon and provide a semi-rigid framework.
Blocking SP/NK1R signaling improves spinal cord hemisection by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rabbits
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2023
Yuehuan Zheng, Nannan Wang, Zhe Chen, Liqiang Shi, Xiangyang Xu
The normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) requires the interaction of multiple cell types, including neurons, glial cells, and non-nerve cells.23 Electron microscopy shows that the nissl body is a ribosome similar to the rough endoplasmic reticulum pool in neurons. Each ribosome is a complex composed of rRNA and proteins that use transfer RNA and amino acids to synthesize proteins from mRNA. In other words, the nissl bodies is a major component of the neuronal protein synthesis mechanism.24 It is reported that the nissl bodies is a large basophilic mass and particle in the neuronal cell body or dendrites. When neurons are damaged, the nissl bodies dissolve and even disappear. During damage recovery, the nissl bodies appear again and reach normal levels. Therefore, nissl bodies can be used as markers of the functional state of neurons.24 In this study, we preliminarily found that the number of nissl bodies increased notably in the spinal cord tissue of the rabbits in the OB group on the 7th day, suggesting that the nissl bodies may be involved in the repair process of SCI.
Angiopep-2 modified dual drug-loaded liposomes with brain targeting functionality mitigate Alzheimer’s disease-related symptoms in APP/PS-1 mice
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2023
Xinyue Zhang, Ningning Shi, Muhan Chen, Mo Liu, Ruijun Ju, Yang Liu, Liang Kong, Yang Yu, Xuetao Li
In addition, to systematically determine whether Ang-Sal/Ica liposome reversed neuronal damage in APP/PS-1 mice, HE and Nissl staining were performed. Figure 6(A) shows the morphological changes of neurons observed by HE staining in the hippocampus and cortex. In the control group, the morphology of neurons was normal, the chromatin was evenly distributed, and the neurons in the hippocampal DG and CA3 regions were arranged neatly. In contrast, the neurons in the model group were in an unhealthy state, with loose structure and karyopyknosis. The neurons in the CA3 region were arranged disorderly. Compared with the model group, the mice treated with Sal/Ica liposome and Ang-Sal/Ica liposome reduced the neuronal damage, and the morphology of neurons was improved. As shown in Figure 6(B), Nissl bodies were stained which were abundantly distributed in the cytoplasm of neuronal cells [45]. The control group presented an abundance of discrete and uniformly distributed Nissl bodies in the neuronal cytoplasm and nucleus. In APP/PS-1 mice, most neurons were pyknotic and deeply stained, and Nissl bodies were blurred. Nissl bodies are related to the synthesis of neuronal proteins. When neurons are damaged, the number of Nissl bodies decreases or even disappears. With the treatment of Sal/Ica liposome and Ang-Sal/Ica liposome, the morphology of neurons improved. Based on these results, we can conclude that Ang-Sal/Ica liposome improved the morphology of neurons and reversed neuronal damage.
Resveratrol mitigates the oxidative stress mediated by hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Yan Gao, Rongrong Fu, Jue Wang, Xue Yang, Lulu Wen, Juan Feng
The viability and morphological changes of neurons were evaluated by Nissl staining, where cresyl violet (primary stain) was used to visualize the cytoplasm of neurons, including Nissl corpuscles. Nissl bodies (staining with cresyl violet) are an indicator of neuronal integrity and may be lost during neuronal damage, which aids in determining the number of viable neurons (Telles et al. 2014). Marked neuronal changes were observed in HI insulted rats with increased pyknotic neurons and less visible Nissl bodies (increased neuronal death). Compared with the HI group, the RESV treatment groups displayed a lesser extent of alterations in cell morphology and an increased number of Nissl bodies (viable neurons), indicating the neuroprotective ability of RESV by actively scavenging free radicals.