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Methods for assigning impairment
Published in Ramar Sabapathi Vinayagam, Integrated Evaluation of Disability, 2019
Integrated Evaluation of Disability assigns an impairment of 8% each for C6, C7, and C8 dermatomes; 3% each for dermatome C5, T1. In hand, area innervated by median nerve receives an impairment of 10.5%; ulnar nerve, 3.75%; and a radial nerve, 5.75%. In the wrist, complete loss of sensation over the posterior, the lateral, and medial cutaneous nerves of the forearm, and, superficial branch of the radial nerve, and dorsal branch of ulnar nerve together get an impairment of 1%. In the forearm, the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm and lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm and posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm obtains 2% each. In the arm, area supplied by the upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm (axillary nerve) receives an impairment of 0.5%. The area innervated by the lower lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm (radial nerve) gets an impairment of 0.5%, medial cutaneous nerve of arm 0.5%, intercostobrachial nerve 0.5%, and posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm (radial nerve) 1.0% for complete loss of sensation.
Neuroanatomy overview
Published in Michael Y. Wang, Andrea L. Strayer, Odette A. Harris, Cathy M. Rosenberg, Praveen V. Mummaneni, Handbook of Neurosurgery, Neurology, and Spinal Medicine for Nurses and Advanced Practice Health Professionals, 2017
The ulnar nerve arises from the medial cord (C8, T1) beneath the pectoralis minor. Three branches are given off before the ulnar nerve is formed: Medial cutaneous nerve of armMedial cutaneous nerve of forearmMedial root of the medial cord to the median nerve
Peripheral nerve injuries
Published in Sebastian Dawson-Bowling, Pramod Achan, Timothy Briggs, Manoj Ramachandran, Stephen Key, Daud Chou, Orthopaedic Trauma, 2014
Morbidity from loss of function at the donor site must be acceptable to the patient; hence donors are characteristically sensory nerves. Commonly used donor sites include: Sural nerve.Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm.Medial cutaneous nerve of arm/forearm.Superficial radial nerve.Supraclavicular nerves.
Sensory neurotization of muscle: past, present and future considerations
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2019
Steven D. Kozusko, Alexander J. Kaminsky, Louisa C. Boyd, Petros Konofaos
Additionally, Papakonstantinou et al. [16] studied muscle preservation in Sprague-Dawley rats. Severed musculocutaneous nerves were coapted to the supraclavicular sensory nerve. After prolonged denervation, analysis of the biceps muscle dry weights, motor endplate counts and other variables concluded that sensory reinnervation of a motor target may provide the necessary trophic environment to minimize muscle atrophy. Beck-Broichsitter et al. [25] performed their analysis in 20 female Wistar rats. Ten rats received sensory protection with the medial cutaneous nerve of arm with an endpoint of 6 weeks. Noordin et al. [30] looked at 36 rats, using 12 as controls. In the first experimental group an anastomosis was performed between the sural nerve and the motor branch of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius. In the second experimental group, the sural nerve was embedded directly into the muscle. Noordin et al.’s study [30] utilized rats as the other experimental studies have, but it used the sural nerve and focused on the gastrocnemius muscle for their data collection. Li et al. [22] studied rats, as well. They looked at surgical denervation of the tibial nerve. Their experimental model including mixed sensory and motor protection with the peroneal nerve, as well as another group receiving only the sural nerve for sensory protection. Their study duration was three months prior to data analysis. Electrophysiological, histological and morphometric parameters were assessed. This again shows the variability in study design, sensory protection duration and nerve utilized for protection. Sonmez et al. [31] is yet another example of a rat study that uses a different approach as they focused on the gluteus maximus muscle.